内蒙古自治区鸡ND、MD、IBD系列免疫程序的研究

本文选择内蒙古自治区较大两种类型的鸡场进行鸡新城疫、马立克氏病及传染性囊病免疫程序的实验研究、经过几年的中试和效果观察。认为此程序对于鸡场预防这３种疾病的发生具有明显的效果。其结果表明：鸡新城疫以血凝抑制抗体４ｌｏｇ￣２为临界点进行免疫，１免和２免用Ⅱ系苗，３免用Ⅰ系，在开产前Ⅰ系苗或油佐剂苗加强，肉用鸡用Ⅱ系苗免疫两次；鸡马立克病在雏鸡出壳后尽早用倍量国产ＨＶＴ苗进行免疫；鸡传染性囊病根据鸡的性能和用途的不同可选择不同的日龄用国产中等毒力苗倍量进行免疫。对于蛋鸡最好在６０～７０日龄时用中等毒力苗加强免疫１次。鸡种群在开产前和４０～４２周龄时用ＩＢＤ油苗进行加强免疫。     

籼型杂交稻稻米外观品质的种子和母体遗传效应分析

以珍汕97A 等6个籼型不育系与测早2-2等3个早籼恢复系进行不完全双列杂交,采用谷类作物数量性状平均数遗传模型,对籼型杂交稻稻米外观品质性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明,稻米的糙米长、宽、长宽比和垩白面积主要受母体植株遗传效应的控制,其中糙米长和糙米长宽比性状还受到种子直接加性效应的影响,而种子的直接显性效应不显著。遗传效应预测值表明,选用 V_(20)A 和26715较易获得稻米外观品质较为理想的籼型杂交稻组合。     

温岭高峰牛线粒体DNA全基因组遗传多样性分析

[目的]通过测定温岭高峰牛线粒体DNA全基因组序列以分析温岭高峰牛的母系起源及遗传多样性。[方法]采用DNA提取、测序及生物信息学方法。[结果]通过对19头温岭高峰牛线粒体DNA全基因组序列分析,共发现263个变异位点,定义9种单倍型,单倍型多样度(Hd±SD)为0.778±0.096,核苷酸多样度(Pi±SD)为0.0017±0.0014,表明温岭高峰牛的遗传多样性较低。构建的NJ系统发育树和单倍型进化网络图表明温岭高峰牛有普通牛和瘤牛2种母系起源。[结论]温岭高峰牛线粒体DNA基因组的遗传多样性较低,有瘤牛和普通牛两个母系起源,但主要受瘤牛的影响。     

Additive genetic and other sources of variation in growth traits of juvenile black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri

We used a factorial mating design to estimate the contribution of additive genetic, non‐additive genetic and maternal effects to variation in growth traits of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) at 75, 130 and 180 days of age in the hatchery. Maternal genetic and environmental effects were greatest at 75 days of age, accounting for 9.1% of total phenotypic variance in wet weight, 11.4% of variance in standard length and 8.8% of variance in total length. At later ages maternal effects were much reduced, explaining 0.8–3.7% of phenotypic variance in growth traits. Additive genetic effects were greatest at 130 days of age, when they accounted for 17.4% of total phenotypic variance in wet weight, 21.4% of variance in standard length and 18.7% of variance in total length. Additive genetic effects were negligible (<1%) at 75 days of age and 4.8–5.5% of total phenotypic variance in growth traits at 180 days of age. Non‐additive genetic effects (which also included common environmental effects because of families being raised in the same tank) explained 5.8–7.3% of total phenotypic variance in growth traits at 75 days of age, but were much smaller at later ages. Variable stocking densities among tanks up to 75 days significantly affected all growth trait measurements below 180 days of age.     

线粒体DNA的遗传与动物进化研究

 大多数学者认为脊椎动物的线粒体DNA遗传是严格的母系遗传,因而mtDNA分析成了动物进化研究中广泛采用的分类工具,为了和严格母系遗传相一致,以至于“精子线粒体被删除丢失”的说法被人视为存在而得以传播,因为这种说法支持了人类起源于非洲的“非洲夏娃”理论模式。而且线粒体母系遗传模式在假说争论中从未受到真正挑战。本文通过阐述动物线粒体DNA母系遗传假说在动物进化研究中的不严谨性,推测脊椎动物的线粒体DNA的遗传可能不是严格的母系遗传,而是一种随机性的遗传方式。     

樱桃谷肉鸭H5N1亚型禽流感(Re-6株)灭活疫苗母源抗体消长规律及免疫程序研究

选取1日龄健康无免疫的樱桃谷肉鸭480羽,随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,每组120羽。B、C和D组在10日龄分别免疫H5N1亚型禽流感(Re-6株)灭活疫苗0.5、0.8和1.0 m L/羽,A组为非免疫对照组。用HI方法检测其母源抗体和免疫抗体,根据母源抗体和免疫抗体消长规律,探讨樱桃谷鸭H5N1亚型禽流感(Re-6株)灭活疫苗的合理免疫程序。结果表明,樱桃谷鸭母源抗体效价和抗体合格率在1日龄最高,分别为6.6 log2和96.7%,14日龄下降至3.87 log2和56.7%,21日龄之后几乎没有保护力;3个试验组免疫抗体水平和抗体合格率在统计学上差异不显著(P0.05),建议免疫程序为:10日龄免疫,免疫剂量0.8 m L/羽。     

Diversification and genetic differentiation of cultivated melon inferred from sequence polymorphism in the chloroplast genome

Molecular analysis encouraged discovery of genetic diversity and relationships of cultivated melon (Cucumis melo L.). We sequenced nine inter- and intra-genic regions of the chloroplast genome, about 5500 bp, using 60 melon accessions and six reference accessions of wild species of Cucumis to show intra-specific variation of the chloroplast genome. Sequence polymorphisms were detected among melon accessions and other Cucumis species, indicating intra-specific diversification of the chloroplast genome. Melon accessions were classified into three subclusters by cytoplasm type and then into 12 subgroups. Geographical origin and seed size also differed between the three subclusters. Subcluster Ia contained small-seed melon from Southern Africa and South and East Asia and subcluster Ib mainly consisted of large-seed melon from northern Africa, Europe and USA. Melon accessions of subcluster Ic were only found in West, Central and Southern Africa. Our results indicated that European melon groups and Asian melon groups diversified independently and shared the same maternal lineage with northern African large-seed melon and Southern African small-seed melon, respectively. Cultivated melon of subcluster Ic may have been domesticated independently in Africa. The presence of 11 cytoplasm types in Africa strongly supported African origin of cultivated melon and indicated the importance of germplasm from Africa.     

利用母源性免疫提高鱼苗质量的探讨

正水产养殖中,鱼苗死亡率高会导致巨大的经济损失,提高鱼苗存活率是育苗工作者的技术重点。目前,保障鱼苗存活率的主要有三项措施:一是提高养殖水环境的卫生状况,减少病原微生物感染机会;二是投加营养合理的饵料,提高鱼苗体质;三是鱼苗大规模免疫,直接提高鱼苗的抗感染能力。但是,鱼类在个体发育早期尚不具备或仅具有极弱的免疫应答能力,对鱼苗进行免疫并未取得很好的免疫保护效果,而且鱼苗个体小,数量多,大规模免疫     

甘肃省肉仔鸡HPAIH5亚型母源抗体消长规律研究

用HI法对甘肃省肉仔鸡H5N1型禽流感（HPAI）母源抗体消长规律进行动态监测,结果显示,肉仔鸡母源抗体保护期长达67 d。其中,种蛋的母源抗体效价最高为9.48 log2,1日龄肉仔鸡母源抗体效价均值为7.95 log2,4 d降为7.81 log2,7 d母源抗体升至高峰,达8.57log2,接近父母代抗体效价8.80 log2;随后,抗体效价逐渐下降并略有波动;67-70 d,抗体效价迅速降至1.67 log2,79 d趋于消失,为1.83 log2。该测定结果提示,HI试验在HPAI诊断中意义不大,仅能作为参考,确诊需进行病毒的分离培养。