Response of pups with maternal derived antibody to modified-live canine parvovirus vaccine

The AA reports the results of vaccination against canine parvovirus (CPV) of pups with maternal antibody, utilizing a modified-live virus (MLV) CPV vaccine having a titer of 10⁷ TCID₅₀/dose. This vaccine was shown to be effective also when HI antibody titers of pups were ≤ 1:80.     

高致病性禽流感抗体水平监测及免疫程序制定

采用血凝抑制试验对贵阳市家禽高致病性禽流感免疫状况及试验鸡母源抗体和首免后免疫抗体的消长动态进行了检测，结果表明，贵阳市高致病性禽流感抗体几何平均效价为3．38210g2；试验鸡母源抗体群体几何平均效价及免疫保护率11、16日龄分别为2^4.3、2^3.41及45％、20％；免疫抗体群体几何平均效价及免疫保护率51、58日龄分别为2^5、2^2.25及66．7％、0％。该地区应及时加强免疫，首免时间和二免时间分别定为15、51日龄。     

棉籽油分和3种主要脂肪酸含量QTL分析

本研究对棉籽油分、棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸含量进行了不同遗传体系的QTL分析,为相关性状挖掘出更多有用的基因信息。分别于2017年和2018年,利用陆地棉亲本HS46 (P₁)和MARCABUCAG8US-1-88 (P2)所构建的188个重组近交系分别与双亲杂交构建F1群体BC (P₁)和BC(P₂)。基于这些回交群体种子,采用专为种子性状设计的母体和胚核基因组QTL定位的混合线性遗传模型及QTLNetwork-CL-2.0-Seed软件,对棉籽油分、棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸含量进行QTL定位分析。共检测到7个控制棉籽油分含量、3个控制棕榈酸含量、2个控制油酸含量和3个控制亚油酸含量的QTL,均具有显著或极显著的源自母体和胚2个核基因组的加性主效应,其中有7个QTL的表型变异贡献率大于10%。研究结果可为这些性状的分子标记辅助选择育种提供更为可靠的参考,为这些性状的分子遗传机制研究提供理论基础。     

凉山半细毛羊几个早期性状遗传参数的估测

利用凉山半细毛羊核心育种场1997-2003年间的育种资料,系谱经过微卫星标记校正后,用MTDFREML软件估测了初生重(BWT,n=1 282)、断奶重(WWT,n=1 000)和断奶毛长(WSL,n=909)三个性状的方差组分和遗传参数。结果表明BWT、WWT和WSL的遗传方差、不相关的随机效应方差(永久环境效应方差)所占的比例较小,残差方差所占的比例较高。三个性状的遗传力分别为0.24、0.06、0.13,相应的遗传相关系数分别为0.87-、0.53和-0.52。     

残数法在猪瘟母源抗体代谢动力学研究中的应用

按日龄采集某场5窝免疫母猪所产仔猪血样259份,运用农业部规定的猪瘟正向间接血凝试验法检测猪瘟抗体效价,并以抗体效价对数对日龄作图。运用了残数法对猪瘟母源抗体代谢动力学进行了研究,建立数学模型,求算出该场哺乳仔猪猪瘟母源抗体代谢动力学参数 ka、k、t1/2（a）和 t 分别是2.2144/d、0.03887/d、7.5 h、和17.83 d。依据猪瘟母源抗体代谢动力学参数 t 为17.83 d,确定该场哺乳仔猪在28~30日龄进行首免,可获得满意的合格免疫率。     

Environmental effects on steroid hormone concentrations in laying hens’ eggs

Abstract

The hormone content of a birds’ egg may reflect the environmental conditions of the bird. In this study we measured hormone concentrations of eggs from hens living under different housing conditions. Eggs from 16 floor-housed and 16 singly caged hens were analysed for androstenedione and estradiol. The concentrations of these hormones were highest in the yolk of eggs from floor-housed hens (P≤0.05). The concentration of estradiol in the albumen of eggs was highest for caged birds (P≤0.0001). In caged hens, the concentrations of both hormones varied significantly over days in the egg yolk, but not in the albumen. As the concentration of androstenedione and estradiol in the yolk of chicken eggs is environmentally dependent, these hormones may provide a mechanism by which the hen signals the state of the environment to her progeny.     

Variation between and within Populations of Mink: II. Skin and Fur Characteristics

Abstract

Genetic and environmental sources of variation in skin and fur characteristics were estimated within and between populations in a two year mink progeny testing scheme with approximately 200 paternal progeny groups. Animals from several populations were housed at a central test station, and corresponding full-sibs were kept at the farm of origin. Data were analysed with an animal model to estimate heritabilities, common litter effects and fixed effects due to population and environment. Genetic variation within and between populations was found, together with significant environmental effects, indicating potential improvements in the breeding scheme. An interaction of sex with population and environment was considered and found significant for traits with a large sex dimorphism. Common litter effects were unimportant for traits measured, except for length and weight of skin. Discrete, subjectively measured traits are analysed with a linear model and a threshold model.     

Direct and maternal genetic effects for preweaning growth in Retinta cattle estimated by a longitudinal approach throughout the calving trajectory of the cow

The direct and maternal genetic effects were estimated for the preweaning growth of Retinta calves with a multitrait model across parities, using a longitudinal approach with random regression models (RRM). The 120 (P120) and 180 days (P180) weights (5972 calves) were considered as different traits in each calving. The heritability of direct effect across parities was on average 0.37 for P120 and 0.58 for P180, slightly higher than the estimates by univariate (0.30 and 0.56) and bivariate models (0.30 and 0.51, respectively). The heritability for maternal effects was 0.16 for P120 and 0.26 for P180 and very similar by uni‐ (0.16 and 0.23) and multivariate model (0.16 and 0.22, respectively). The correlation between direct and maternal effects by RRM showed a pronounced antagonism ?0.64 for P120 and ?0.78 for P180), likewise uni‐ (?0.62 and ?0.72) and multivariate case (?0.64 and ?0.74, respectively). The preweaning weights should be considered as different traits across parities, because the genetic correlations were different from unity. The RRM also allowed us to estimate all the parameters throughout the calving trajectory of the cow. The use of multiple traits RRM across parities can provide very useful information for the breeding programmes.     

Thoroughbred racehorse mitochondrial DNA demonstrates closer than expected links between maternal genetic history and pedigree records

The potential future earnings and therefore value of Thoroughbred foals untested in the racing arena are calculated based on the performance of their forebears. Thus, lineage is of key importance. However, previous research indicates that maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) does not correspond to maternal lineage according to recorded pedigree, casting doubt on the voracity of historic pedigrees. We analysed mtDNA of 296 Thoroughbred horses from 33 maternal lineages and identified an interesting trend. Subsequent to the founding of the Thoroughbred breed in the 16th century, well‐populated maternal lineages were divided into sub‐lineages. Only six in 10 of the Thoroughbreds sampled shared mitochondrial haplotype with other members of their maternal lineage, despite having a common maternal ancestor according to pedigree records. However, nine in 10 Thoroughbreds from the 103 sub‐lineages sampled shared mtDNA with horses of their maternal pedigree sub‐lineage. Thus, Thoroughbred maternal sub‐lineage pedigree represents a more accurate breeding record than previously thought. Errors in pedigrees must have occurred largely, though, not exclusively, at sub‐lineage foundation events, probably due to incomplete understanding of modes of inheritance in the past, where maternal sub‐lineages were founded from individuals, related, but not by female descent.