海蜇人工育苗关键技术

在200m^3水体培育出海蜇16触手螅状体600万个，关键技术在于育苗用水严格砂滤防止藻类和固着纤毛虫进入；育苗池中防止裸露的钢筋铁管严禁重金属离子污染；亲蜇成熟度好；采苗器严格消毒；4触手期保证适口饵料供应；防止高温季节螅状体与饵料一起死亡。另外，根据上年的经验，今年春这些螅状体要想生产出更多的幼蜇需掌握以下关键技术：培养大规格的螅状体；控光控温诱导横裂生殖集中释放碟状体；光线控制在500—1000lx；保持水质新鲜。     

Examining changes in participation in recreational fisheries in England and Wales

Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ～1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge.     

Associations between morphometric variables and weight and yields carcass in Pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus

The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between morphometric variables and carcass characteristics in Pirapitinga. We used a thousand specimens of Pirapitinga with an average weight of 1,200 g, which were stunned, slaughtered, weighed, measured, and processed for morphometric and processing yield analysis, to obtain weights, carcass and fillet yields. Initially, the linearity of the variables was verified. Pearson's simple and partial correlation tests were performed between all metrics. Track analysis was performed considering the weights and yields of carcass and filet as dependent variables and the others as independent variables. Ridge regression models were used to eliminate the effects of multicollinearity among the independent variables. Observations showed that the simple correlations between body weights and yields were superior to the partial ones in terms of magnitude. The length and circumference of the specimens were the measures most linearly associated with weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. As for carcass yield and fillet yield, linear correlation coefficients were low and not significant when associated with body weights. With the path analysis, we could observe significant positive correlations between the morphometric measurements for weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. The standard length, body circumference and body circumference/body height ratio are the most correlated. The latter are the most important variables in the evaluation of body weights in Pirapitinga fish. They can serve as criteria for indirect selection in searching for fish with better carcass characteristics. As for fillet and carcass yields, the morphometric variables have not shown to be efficient for indirect selection.     

Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food‐grade fish

Marine fisheries target and catch fish both for direct human consumption (DHC) as well as for fishmeal and fish oil, and other products. We derived the fractions used for each for 1950–2010 by fishing country, and thus provide a factual foundation for discussions of the optimal use of fisheries resources. From 1950 to 2010, 27% (~20 million tonnes annually) of globally reconstructed marine fisheries landings were destined for uses other than DHC. Importantly, 90% of fish destined for uses other than DHC are food‐grade or prime food‐grade fish, while fish without a ready market for DHC make up a much smaller proportion. These findings have implications for how we are using fish to feed ourselves or, more appropriately, how we are not using fish to feed ourselves.     

转基因鱼品系的纯化

外源基因(双链DNA)作为外显子可能整合在一条染色体上的不同DNA链上,转基因鱼的第一代为嵌合体。三杂交纯化过程方可获得转基因鱼纯合体:嵌合体与纯系个体两次回交,获得杂合子单一的杂合体;第二代杂合体自交可以获得纯合体。     

细鳞鱼的生物学特性及其在华北分布范围的变化

本文报导了细鳞鱼(Braochymystax lenokP.)的形态构造、食性及其生态环境。调查了华北地区细鳞鱼分布变化情况,并阐明由于生态环境等因素的变化是引起该种在华北地区分布范围缩小的原因,同时提出保护细鳞鱼资资源的措施。     

用酶联免疫吸附受体法检测鱼类生长激素的生物活性

根据激素一受体反应的原理，结合酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和放射受体测定法（ＲＲＡ）的优点，应用我们纯化的Ａ昌鱼生长激素（ｇｃＧＨ）和大鳞大马哈鱼生长激素（ｓＧＨ）及其特异抗体，采用鱼类肝细胞膜受体制剂，首次建立了测定鱼类ＧＨ生物活性的酶联免疫吸附受体测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ－ＲＡ）。此法检测草鱼ＧＨ的灵敏度达０．０６３￣０．１２５ｕｇ／ｍｌ，检测大马哈鱼ＧＨ与草鱼肝膜受体结合的灵敏度达０．２５ｕｇ     

逆流运动及葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼生长和体成分的影响

选取初始体质量（73．81±9．02）g的雄性吉富罗非鱼（GIFFOreochromisniloticus）,分别投喂含100％鱼油（A）、50％葵花籽油＋50％鱼油（B）和100％葵花籽油（C）的饲料,每种饲料设置2个流速运动水平（0BL·s-1、1．5BL·s-1）（BL,体长）,共6个试验组合（0A、1．5A、0B、1．5B、0C、1．5C）,饲养42d后测定试验鱼生长和体成分变化。结果显示各组合吉富罗非鱼的成活率没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。1．5B组合的特定生长率（4．96±0．02）％·d-1显著高于其他各组合（P〈0．05）。逆流运动后红肌和白肌蛋白质含量分别最高增加10．25％和7．74％（P〈0．05）。逆流运动对全鱼和肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但饲料B组和c组鱼体红肌PUFA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,而B组和c组之间则没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。研究结果表明,葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼的生长和体成分没有显著影响,而逆流运动能够显著提高肌肉蛋白质含量。     

鱼类金属硫蛋白基因的表达与调控

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一类能选择性地结合重金属离子的低分子量蛋白质。自Marafante及其同事于1970年证明MT在真骨鱼类中的存在以来,人们就对MT在动物体内和体外的作用和功能进行了广泛的研究。Dunn等(1987)对鱼类MT的研究表明,这类蛋白质长度极为均一,由60~61个氨