Antigen-nonspecific macrophage factors modulating the antibody response in vitro

Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known.     

伊氏锥虫多因素致弱苗免疫机理的研究——补体在体液免疫和细胞免疫中的作用实验

用我室研制的伊氏锥虫多因素致弱苗免疫马血清中的补体，观察其灭活前后对体液免疫和细胞免疫的作用。结果：灭活补体的免疫血清，在体外试验，对锥虫形态活力不认异常；巨噬细胞对用灭活补体的免疫血清处理的锥虫吞噬率仅达８％；在体内试验，锥虫对小白鼠具有致病力，潜伏期为３～５ｄ，存活期为８～１６ｄ。未灭活补体的免疫血清，可使锥虫形态异常，活力减退、停止；用未被灭活补体的免疫马血清处理的锥虫，注射小白鼠可健活６０～７０ｄ，巨噬细胞对未用灭活补体的免疫马血清处理的锥虫吞噬率高达９１％。生物试验表明：被吞噬的锥虫均无感染力。从而看出补体在本虫苗的体液免疫和细胞免疫方面具有极为重要的意义。     

Anti-inflammatory activities of cucurbitacin E isolated from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides: role of reactive nitrogen species and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition

The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were examined. The results showed that LPS/INF-γ increased NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas L-NAME and CE curtailed it. CE did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 and WRL-68 cells. CE inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. Intraperitoneal injection of CE significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema. ORAC and FRAP assays showed that CE is not a potent ROS scavenger. It could be concluded that CE is potentially useful in treating inflammation through the inhibition of COX and RNS but not ROS.     

甘肃省动物尘肺的病理学研究

用光镜与电子探针微分析技术,对817头动物的肺和支气管淋巴结进行了研究,并在家兔成功地复制出尘肺病理模型。首次发现在甘肃省河西地区的多种动物中存在无机尘肺,这些尘肺均属铝硅酸盐尘肺。肺组织的主要病变包括慢性间质性肺炎和大量内含无机尘的巨噬细胞病灶与结节。作者认定,这些肺病变的发生同这一地区环境空气中粉尘含量高有关。     

猴头菌丝多糖免疫调节与抗氧化功能研究

应用保健功能的评价方法,通过对血清溶菌酶含量、胸腺指数与脾指数、腹腔巨嗜细胞吞噬功能的测定以及迟发型超敏反应,来定性分析猴头菌丝多糖的免疫调节作用;通过对血清SOD、CAT、MDA含量的测定,来分析猴头菌丝多糖的抗氧化功能。试验结果表明,猴头菌丝多糖能够明显提高小鼠腹腔巨嗜细胞的吞噬功能,高剂量多糖的吞噬率达到(70.4±1.3)%,与对照组相比,差异极显著;中剂量多糖的吞噬率达到(58.4±0.9)%,与对照组相比,差异显著。同时猴头菌丝多糖能够在一定程度上提高小鼠血清溶菌酶含量;能够明显促进迟发型超敏反应的发生,高剂量多糖引起的肿胀度达到(29.5±0.6)mg,与对照组相比,差异极显著;中剂量多糖引起的肿胀度达到(23.9±0.6)mg,与对照组相比,差异显著。此外,高、中、低剂量的猴头菌丝多糖都能够提高小鼠血清中SOD、CAT的含量,其中,猴头菌丝多糖高剂量组小鼠血清的SOD含量达到(358.0±51.1)U.mL-1,CAT的含量达到(17.4±2.9)U.mL-1,与对照组相比,差异均达到显著水平;而猴头菌丝多糖对小鼠血清中MDA水平的降低作用不明显,对小鼠脾指数的影响作用不明显。因此,猴头菌丝多糖具有显著的免疫调节作用与一定的抗氧化功能。     

川楝素对妊娠小鼠子宫组织中CD4+/CD8+T细胞和F4/80+巨噬细胞的影响

为探讨CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞和F4/80+巨噬细胞在流产发生机制中的意义,研究中药单体成分川楝素诱导小鼠流产的作用及机理,本试验给妊娠5 d小鼠连续3 d腹腔注射不同剂量的川楝素溶液,对照组以等量的蒸馏水代替,于妊娠9 d处死.在给药后发现随着注射川楝素剂量的增加,小鼠的流产率逐渐上升,CD4+、CD8+ T淋...     

不同鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫机能影响的研究

研究了鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫器官指数、血清球蛋白含量和巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响。结果表明,鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数影响不显著(P>0.05);但提高了老年雄性大鼠血清球蛋白含量,其中鹿胎制剂Ⅰ号组最高,比对照组高出62.64%,与其他各组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);鹿胎制剂Ⅱ号组和人胎盘粉处理组大鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数与对照组相比有极显著提高(P<0.01),说明鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠具有提高免疫机能的作用。     

Exendin-4 improves resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in diabetic db/db mice

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among companion animals. This disease has similar characteristics in both humans and animals. Diabetes is frequently identified as an independent risk factor for infections associated with increased mortality. In the present study, homozygous diabetic (db/db) mice were infected with Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and then treated with the anti-diabetic drug exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue. In aged db/db mice, decreased CD11b⁺ macrophage populations with higher lipid content and lower phagocytic activity were observed. Exendin-4 lowered high lipid levels and enhanced phagocytosis in macrophages from db/db mice infected with L. monocytogenes. Exendin-4 also ameliorated obesity and hyperglycemia, and improved ex vivo bacteria clearance by macrophages in the animals. Liver histology examined during L. monocytogenes infection indicated that abscess formation was much milder in exendin-4-treated db/db mice than in the control animals. Moreover, mechanistic studies demonstrated that expression of ATP binding cassette transporter 1, a sterol transporter, was higher in macrophages isolated from the exendin-4-treated db/db mice. Overall, our results suggest that exendin-4 decreases the risk of infection in diabetic animals by modifying the interaction between intracellular lipids and phagocytic macrophages.     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.     

Liposomal clodronate treatment for tumour macrophage depletion in dogs with soft‐tissue sarcoma

Increased numbers of tumour‐associated macrophages correlate with rapid tumour growth and metastasis in tumours. Thus, macrophage depletion has potential as a novel cancer therapy and positive responses have been reported in rodent tumour models. To investigate the effectiveness of this approach in dogs with cancer, we evaluated the effects of the macrophage‐depleting agent liposomal clodronate (LC) in dogs with soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS). To this end, we conducted a clinical trial of LC therapy in 13 dogs with STS. Repeated LC administration was well tolerated clinically. Preliminary examination of tumour biopsy sets from 5 of the 13 dogs demonstrated that the density of CD11b⁺ macrophages was significantly decreased after LC treatment. Circulating concentrations of interleukin‐8 were also significantly reduced. These preliminary studies are the first to suggest that LC can be used as a systemic macrophage‐depleting agent in dogs to reduce numbers of tumour‐associated macrophages.