血清微小RNA在中药肝毒性临床前评价中的应用研究

通过对19种具有潜在肝脏毒性的中草药进行临床前安全性评价,在观测体重、摄食量、血清生化指标、脏器系数与肝脏组织病理学改变的同时,探讨血清微小RNA(miRNA)作为新型候选标志物在中草药肝损伤诊断中的应用价值。结果表明:与溶剂对照组相比,血清miRNA-122水平显著升高的给药组有6组,而血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)水平显著升高的分别为2组和3组,其中五倍子组表现为急性药源性肝损伤。在血清miRNA-122的时间相关性和剂量相关性分析中,与血清ALT和AST相比,血清miRNA-122呈现出更高的敏感性,表现为更早期和更大幅度的显著升高。说明血清miRNA-122可作为中草药肝损伤的新型候选诊断标志物,与肝脏组织病理学改变具有良好的相关性,且较传统血清生化学指标更为敏感。     

作为土壤污染生物标志物的蚯蚓体腔细胞提取方法比较

比较了纤维针法（FNE）、电压刺激法（EE）、超声波刺激法（UP）、纤维针与超声波刺激结合法（CM）四种蚯蚓体腔细胞提取方法。结果表明：单位体重细胞数由大到小依次为CM〉UP〉EE〉FNE,细胞的成活率由大到小依次为CM〉FNE〉EE〉UP,其中CM法提取的单位体重细胞数（106个）较多（4.638±0.138）且存活率（%）最高（97.258±0.161）。CM法所提取的体腔细胞能满足作为土壤污染风险评估生物标志物的要求,可以为在细胞水平、亚细胞水平和分子水平对污染土壤开展风险评估提供技术支持。     

基于机器学习联合网络爬虫算法的果汁鉴伪技术的研究进展

果汁鉴伪技术正成为全球食品营养安全领域的研究热点,其发展对果汁质量与安全控制至关重要.结合机器学习联合网络爬虫算法检索文献技术,本文综述了近年来果汁鉴伪技术的研究进展与应用领域,并着重阐述了非靶向/靶向代谢组学鉴伪技术的研究进展.结合多学科交叉和计算机技术发展趋势,对检测方法耦合发展、监督型机器学习统计工具开发、无人监...     

BDE-47胁迫对双齿围沙蚕抗氧化防御系统的影响

将双齿围沙蚕Perinereis aibuhitensis暴露在BDE-47下进行急性毒性试验,测定96h-LC_(50)。在此基础上,研究了暴露在0、2、4、8mg·L~(-1)的BDE-47污染物下,双齿围沙蚕的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活力的变化情况。结果表明BDE-47对双齿围沙蚕的96h-LC_(50)为31.24mg·L~(-1)。在暴露期间,与对照组比较,各处理组的GSH含量、GST活力、CAT活力总体上无显著变化,仅8mg·L~(-1)组的GST活力在14d极显著性升高(P0.01)。暴露1d时,4mg·L~(-1)处理组GPx活力显著升高(P0.05),在第7~14d时,2mg·L~(-1)处理组的GPx活性呈上升趋势;在暴露1d时,4 mg·L~(-1)、8 mg·L~(-1)两组的SOD活力显著下降(P0.05),整体上看,在1~7d时,SOD活力被诱导升高。14d时,与对照组的比较,4、8mg·L~(-1)处理组的SOD活力分别被显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)抑制。在暴露1d时,MDA含量被诱导升高(P0.05),且4mg·L~(-1)极显著升高(P0.01)。在暴露4~14dMDA含量总体上无明显变化,仅第7d的8mg·L~(-1)处理组显著升高(P0.05)。结论:在双齿围沙蚕抗氧化防御系统中,MDA含量和SOD活力均在胁迫初期有显著变化,因此MDA含量和SOD活力可以作为潜在的生物标志物。     

肾细胞外泌体的研究进展

外泌体（Exosomes）是一种细胞分泌的,携带大量活性物质,传递细胞间通信的纳米囊泡。肾细胞外泌体参与肾脏再生、修复及肾小管细胞间交流,调控骨细胞生长,在肾病的进展、控制及肾肿瘤中扮演重要角色,有作为肾脏疾病靶向治疗剂的潜力。尿液外泌体含有慢性肾病、糖尿病肾病、肾纤维化及肾肿瘤等潜在的标志物。肾脏作为机体重要器官,其外泌体（包括尿外泌体）的研究方兴未艾,现对其研究进展做一总结。     

In vitro toxicity of melamine against Tetrahymena pyriformis cells

This study assessed the toxicity of melamine against the unicellular eukaryotic system of Tetrahymena (T.) pyriformis exposed to 0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL of melamine. Cell growth curves of different cultures, the half maximum inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) value of melamine, and morphological changes in cells were obtained via optical and transmission electron microscopic observation. The effects of eleven melamine concentrations, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5 mg/mL, on protein expression levels of T. pyriformis were examined using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The results showed an obvious inhibitory effect of melamine on the growth of eukaryotic cells. Cell growth dynamics indicated that the IC₅₀ value of melamine on T. pyriformis was 0.82 mg/mL. The cellular morphology was also affected in a concentration-dependent manner, with characteristics of atrophy or cell damage developing in the presence of melamine. The relative contents of the top four main proteins corresponding to peak mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 4466, m/z 6455, m/z 6514, and m/z 7772 in the MALDI-TOF-MS spectra were all found to be closely correlated with the melamine concentrations. In conclusion, exposure of eukaryotic cells to melamine could inhibit cell growth, cause changes in cytomorphology and even disturb the expression of proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. The described method of examining four sensitive proteins affected by melamine was also proposed to be used in a preliminary study to identify protein biomarkers in T. pyriformis.     

用结晶学的观点研究纤维植物细胞壁的结构及形成机理

纤维植物（棉花、竹、木等）细胞壁S2层内，部分纤维素大分子呈现结晶态，因此可以另辟一条研究细胞壁的途径——用结晶学的理论和方法研究纤维植物细胞壁的结构及形成机理。目前的研究工作有以下4方面：①用结晶学的方法研究一些与纤维植物性有关的参数——纤丝角、结晶度；②研究纤维素大分子在细胞壁上的空间分布及形态，如面取向、晶区分布问题等；③研究一些外在条件（温度、外力等）对结晶形成的影响；④结晶形成的内在因素，什么细胞器支配结晶的形成。     

Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in the detection of early kidney injury in dogs with leptospirosis

Renal damage, a common feature in canine leptospirosis, ranges from a subclinical affection to kidney dysfunction and death. Chances of recovery can be improved by early intervention. However, traditional biomarkers (serum urea and creatinine) have limited relevance for precocity. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a transmembrane protein upregulated in early stages of tubular injury. This study evaluated the use of urinary KIM-1 to detect early renal injury in naturally occurring canine leptospirosis. This exploratory research included 30 dogs divided into two groups: (1) dogs with leptospirosis (n = 25) and (2) healthy dogs (n = 5). Leptospira sp. infection was diagnosed through urine PCR and/or direct bacteriologic culture and/or serology (single MAT titters ≥800). Additionally, stage of infection was further characterized in acute and subacute phases based on the onset of clinical symptoms from 3 to 7 days. Urinary KIM-1 (uKIM-1) concentrations were measured in both groups with a commercial canine ELISA kit.uKIM-1 levels were statistically different (P < 0.01) between the studied groups, especially in non-azotemic dogs (P = 0.0042). The biomarker showed 88 % sensibility to diagnosis of kidney injury at> 1.49 ng/mL cut-off. Urine KIM-1 was negatively correlated with urine specific gravity (USG) but accompanied histopathological evidence of renal degeneration, necrosis and regeneration processes, extending information on kidney health. Measurement of KIM-1 in the urine of canine patients was able to detect naturally occurring acute and subacute leptospirosis accompanied by tubular injury in early non-azotemic infections.