Effects of iodized salt on the histopathology of the gills and liver in Rhamdia quelen and Metynnis maculatus

Table salt has been used as a reference substance in toxicological studies on fish and as an antiparasitic agent in aquaculture. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the sensitivity of Rhamdia quelen and Metynnis maculatus to iodized salt and to assess the possible changes in the gills and liver resulting from subchronic exposure of fish to this compound. The iodized salt toxicity levels after 96 h of exposure were 11.4 and 10.8 g L^?1 for R. quelen and M. maculatus. None of the observed changes in the livers of the studied fish could be unequivocally correlated with salt exposure. In turn, it could not be entirely ruled out that the changes found in the gills, including epithelial lifting, oedema formation and vascular congestion, were caused by exposure of fish to salt.     

重金属对水产动物污染的生物标志物的研究进展

近年来,重金属对河流、湖泊以及近岸海域的污染越来越严重,对水生生物、水域生态系统造成了一定的威胁,从而也间接危害了人民的健康.当水产动物接触一定量的重金属后,能够通过检测重金属在水产动物体内的残留来判断水产动物受到重金属的污染状况.     

海带组织降解过程中定殖微型生物群落的特征

运用脂肪酸标志法分析了海带新鲜组织、降解组织及脱落碎屑中定殖微型生物群落的组成特征。研究结果显示,降解组织和脱落碎屑的总脂含量显著提高,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量降低。降解组织和脱落碎屑中细菌脂肪酸标志18∶1(n-7)和奇数碳及支链脂肪酸含量相比于新鲜叶片有大幅度的提高,表明碎屑中定殖了繁盛的细菌群落;海带碎屑的硅藻脂肪酸标志16∶1(n-7)/16∶0比值最高,降解组织中该比值也显著高于新鲜叶片,表明硅藻类也大量定殖于海带降解组织和碎屑中。鲜海带组织中不含原生动物脂肪酸标志——DHA,而在降解叶片和脱落碎屑中都检测到一定含量的该标志物(0.65%和1.57%),指示了原生动物在海带降解组织和碎屑中的定殖。各种微型生物的定殖与生物降解作用显著改变了降解海带叶片及海带碎屑的有机碳氮特征,新鲜海带叶片组织碳、氮比值高达17.32,而降解组织和海带碎屑有机氮含量有较大幅度的升高,碳、氮比值则分别下降为6.61和6.48。研究结果表明,海带脱落碎屑并非单一成分,而是以海带降解残片为主体,同时混杂有硅藻类、细菌和原生动物群落的混合体。海带碎屑通过各种微型生物的定殖与生物降解作用,其有机氮含量升高,碳、氮比...     

水生动物重金属污染生物标志物的研究进展

综述了水生动物重金属污染生物标志物在水环境重金属污染早期诊断和水生动物生存危害性评价中的研究进展。     

Gender Differences–Induced Changes in Serum Hematologic and Biochemical Variables in Mangalarga Marchador Horses After a Marcha Gait Competition

The aim of this study was to investigate whether marcha exercise results in changes in serum hematologic and biochemical variables and whether this condition differs in male and female horses. Thirty-five Mangalarga Marchador horses, 18 males and 17 females were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after a marcha competition. Samples were used for measurement of hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), red blood cell (RBC), total and differential white blood cell (WBC), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (Crea), and urea (BUN) levels. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using the SAS statistical program, and means were compared by the Tukey test (P < .05). In both males and females, RBC, HCT, AST, and GGT activity increased in response to exercise, but there were no significant differences between genders. In females, significant increases in TP, BUN, Crea, CK, and LDH levels were detected after the marcha gait, but no such changes were detected in males. Total WBC concentrations increased in response to the exercise in both, males and females; however, there were no differences between genders. Plasma HGB, Alb, and ALP levels after marcha gait did not differ in both genders. Marcha exercise–induced significant hematologic and biochemical changes in serum of Mangalarga Marchador horses, independently of gender. However, females presented more blood changes after marcha gait. Gender differences should be taken into consideration in experiments with athletic horses.     

Detection of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in dogs with lymphoma(*)

Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) production by malignant lymphoblasts has been identified in vitro and in vivo in mice and humans, respectively. The goals of this study were (1) to evaluate a novel single‐sample TNF‐α assay and (2) to determine whether TNF‐α is increased in dogs with lymphoma prior to and following treatment. Canine TNF‐α was analysed concurrently using the novel Siemens Immulite^® single‐sample automated ELISA and the previously validated Quantikine^® standard ELISA. Serum from dogs with lymphoma and from breed‐, age‐ and gender‐matched control dogs was evaluated at two time points. Three of 25 (12%) dogs with lymphoma had detectable TNF‐α at diagnosis, whereas none had detectable TNF‐α following complete or partial remission. TNF‐α was not detectable in control dogs. Despite 91% homology between human and canine TNF‐α, the Immulite^® automated ELISA failed to detect canine TNF‐α. Serum TNF‐α appears to have limited value as a tumour marker in dogs with lymphoma.     

不同水平脱脂米糠部分替代玉米对苏淮猪氧化还原状态和胆固醇代谢的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同水平脱脂米糠部分替代玉米对苏淮阉公猪氧化还原状态和胆固醇代谢的影响。试验选用21头体重[(62.90±1.12)kg]相近的健康苏淮阉公猪,随机分为对照组(试验Ⅰ组)、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验Ⅰ组猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组猪分别以14%和28%的脱脂米糠部分替代基础饲粮中的玉米,并使用豆粕、麸皮和豆油等物质调平基础饲粮与试验饲粮的消化能、粗蛋白质和氨基酸水平。预试期10 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);与试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组苏淮猪血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn⁃SOD)活性最高,且与试验Ⅰ组相比差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪肝脏还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL⁃C)含量显著升高(P<0.05);各组间肝脏TC和甘油三酯(TG)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)脱脂米糠部分替代饲粮玉米对苏淮猪肝脏胆固醇-7α-羟化酶1(CYP7α1)和胆固醇-27α-羟化酶1(CYP27α1)mRNA表达量均无显著影响(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪肝脏3-羟-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)、固醇调节原件结合蛋白-2(SREBP⁃2)和清道夫受体BI(SR⁃BI)的mRNA表达量显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);此外,试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)mRNA表达量最低,且与试验Ⅰ组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。4)将苏淮猪血清TC和LDL⁃C含量分别与血清和肝脏氧化标记物及抗氧化酶做相关性分析表明,同一个体血清TC含量与肝脏GSH含量以及GSH/GSSG呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而血清LDL⁃C含量与肝脏GSH含量以及GSH/GSSG极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,脱脂米糠部分替代饲粮中玉米可部分改变苏淮猪血清和肝脏氧化还原相关酶的活性,并在一定程度上影响机体胆固醇代谢和肝脏胆固醇代谢相关基因的表达。     

Biomarkers of Inflammation in Exotic Pets

The acute phase response (APR) is a key part of the innate immune system and acute phase proteins (APPs) represent the core of the early response to stimuli such as trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and autoimmune disease. These biomarkers have a different timeline and magnitude of expression vs traditional means of examining inflammation (e.g., total white blood count and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio). Extensive studies conducted in companion and large animals have demonstrated many clinical applications for inflammatory biomarkers including diagnosis, prognosis, detection of subclinical disease and chronic inflammation, and monitoring stress. This article provides information regarding the APR and the uses of APP quantitation, as well as the growing body of information on APPSs in exotic animals.