噬菌体及其治疗细菌感染的研究进展

噬菌体在其发现之初便被用于细菌感染的治疗.然而,随着抗生素时代的到来,噬菌体的研究便被忽略.近半个世纪以来,耐药菌株不断出现,抗生素治疗面临巨大挑战.噬菌体作为细菌的天然杀手,对细菌性疾病有很好的治疗效果,其研究价值逐渐引起科学家们的重视.作者对噬菌体、噬菌体治疗细菌感染的应用、噬菌体制剂、噬菌体治疗局限性及发展趋势等方面作一简要概述.     

Development of a tomato plant resistant to Clavibacter michiganensis using the endolysin gene of bacteriophage CMP1 as a transgene

The bacteriophage CMP1 endolysin gene (lys), encoding, a peptidase that was shown to effectively reduce Clavibacter michiganensis by specifically hydrolysing its murein, was transferred into tomato plants by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. The presence of the gene was verified by PCR and the gene product was confirmed in immunoblots and stably expressed over three generations. Transgenic tomato plants did not show disease symptoms after infection with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, despite the fact that small amounts of bacteria could still be identified in xylem sap and leaf extracts, although in significantly reduced amounts.     

噬菌体SYJ4及其对肉鸡痢疾治疗效果的初步探究

为了分离以致病性痢疾志贺菌(Shigella dysenteriae)CMCC(B)51105为宿主菌的烈性噬菌体,并分析其生物学特性及其对患痢疾肉鸡的治疗效果,采用双层平板法从水样中分离纯化获得烈性噬菌体SYJ4,其最佳感染复数(MOI)为0.1,最适感染温度为37℃,最适感染p H范围在6-8;一步生长曲线表明噬菌体SYJ4裂解量约为50,潜伏期约为20 min,裂解期约为120 min;将无菌噬菌体富集液通过灌喂方式作用于由S.dysenteriae CMCC(B)51105导致的出现明显白痢症状的病鸡中并与链霉素治疗效果进行比较,结果表明噬菌体SYJ4对痢疾志贺菌(S.dysenteriae)CMCC(B)51105引起的鸡痢疾具有一定治疗效果,其治疗效果与链霉素相仿,并在控制鸡肠道志贺氏菌群数量上优于链霉素。研究表明对于将噬菌体应用于肉禽细菌性肠道疾病治疗研究具有一定的参考价值。     

T4噬菌体的组装、感染及细胞裂解

为深入开发利用T4噬菌体展示系统及T4噬菌体的临床细菌病治疗,应用现代各种分子生物学手段,在蛋白分子和组成结构上对T4噬菌体颗粒的各个重要组成部分进行分析,例如头部、尾部和尾板,描述了其蛋白构成和各种影响因子,并着重介绍了在噬菌体装配中最为重要的DNA的包装。同时针对噬菌体T4的感染与超感染免疫性和感染所导致的细胞裂解和裂解抑制等方面,介绍了这些现象发生的分子机制和影响因素。以期对T4噬菌体的分子装配和侵染机制有更为深刻的了解。     

Isolation and Identification of Lytic Phages Infecting Proteus mirabilis from Canine-derived and Their Effects on Biofilm

The present study aimed to isolate phages that could lyse Proteus mirabilis from sewage in Daqing, Heilongjiang, and analyze their biological characteristics and effects on biofilm and provide the basic data for phage therapy as well as prevention. Phages were isolated and purified from sewage by double plate culture method, and their plaque morphology were observed. Morphological characteristics of purified phages were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth curve, thermal stability, pH, nucleic acids analysis and the inhibition and removal effect of biofilm were determined. Three lytic of bacteriophages of Proteus mirabilis were successfully isolated and purified, and named as vB_PmM_S, vB_PmM_W and vB_PmM_X. The phage plaques were circular, clear and transparent with smooth edge. The electron microscope observation showed that the phage particles, those head was twenty-side, head length was about (30±3) nm. The optical MOI was 0.001, the incubation period was 20 min, the burst period was 35 min, and the burst size was 70 PFU·cell^-1. The phages could withstand the temperature range from 10 to 60 ℃ and keep stable titer under pH 5.0-8.0. The phage vB_PmM_S can be stored at 4 ℃ in SM solution for a short time, and stored at -80 ℃ in glycerin (30%) or DMSO (5%) for a long time. The mixture of three bacteriophages can inhibit the biofilm formation and remove the biofilm. The results laid the foundation for the treatment of Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections.     

植物青枯菌噬菌体保存方法的研究

噬菌体可用于防治植物青枯病,但不易保存.本文对青枯病菌短尾噬菌体P1、P2、P3和P4株系的保存方法和条件进行了研究;将各噬菌体原液、噬菌体原液∶青枯菌液=1∶1、噬菌体原液∶青枯菌液∶40％甘油=1∶1∶2、噬菌体原液∶青枯菌液∶80％甘油=1∶1∶2的处理分别置于-75、-25、4℃、室温下保存,再分别于90、18...