A new cytotoxic sesquiterpene quinone produced by Penicillium sp. F00120 isolated from a deep sea sediment sample

A new fungal strain, displaying strong toxic activity against brine shrimp larvae, was isolated from a deep sea sediment sample collected at a depth of 1300 m. The strain, designated as F00120, was identified as a member of the genus Penicillium on the basis of morphology and ITS sequence analysis. One new sesquiterpene quinone, named penicilliumin A (1), along with two known compounds ergosterol (2) and ergosterol peroxide (3), were isolated and purified from the cultures of F00120 by silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, and preparative thin layer chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopic (MS) analysis as well as comparison with literature data. The new compound penicilliumin A inhibited in vitro proliferation of mouse melanoma (B16), human melanoma (A375), and human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cell lines moderately.     

沙棘叶粉对AA肉鸡生产性能和钙代谢的影响

为了检测沙棘叶粉作为一种饲料添加剂对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生产性能和钙代谢的作用效果,试验选择健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏240只.按体重相近的原则,随机分成4组:对照组(玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮)、基础饲粮+0.25%沙棘叶粉组、基础饲粮+0.5%沙棘叶粉组、基础饲粮+1%沙棘叶粉组.每组6个重复,每个重复10只.饲养试验共...     

盐度骤降对幼仿刺参生长、免疫指标及呼吸树组织结构的影响

在水温为10.0-13.0℃下,将暂养在盐度为33水中的仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参（2.42 g和3.5 g）直接放入盐度为33、30、26、22的塑料水槽（50 cm×40 cm×30 cm）中,过量投喂,正常饲养,研究了盐度骤降对幼参存活、生长、某些免疫指标及呼吸树组织学的影响。结果表明：在60 d饲养过程中,各组幼参的排脏率为2.23%-11.11%,盐度为33时,幼参的排脏率显著低于盐度为30时（P〈0.05）,而与盐度为26和22时差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;但生长却随着盐度的降低而降低,盐度为30和26时,幼参的生长速度分别比盐度为33时减少了5.0%和62.5%,表明盐度为26时是明显抑制幼参生长的拐点;随着盐度的降低,各试验组幼参体腔液上清液中溶菌酶活力升高,超氧化物歧化酶活力降低,但均未检测出酸性磷酸酶的活性。盐度为29时,幼参体腔上皮细胞逐渐消失,内皮层中出现大量空泡,血腔不明显,中央腔变小;盐度为24、18时,幼参体腔上皮细胞增多,血腔增厚,内皮层细胞向中央腔延伸。     

Kurilosides A1, A2, C1, D,E and F—Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin): Structures with Unusual Non-Holostane Aglycones and Cytotoxicities

Six new monosulfated triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, namely, the kurilosides A₁ (1), A₂ (2), C₁ (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6), as well as the known earlier kuriloside A (7), having unusual non-holostane aglycones without lactone, have been isolated from the sea cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin) (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near Onekotan Island from a depth of 100 m. Structures of the glycosides were established by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass spectrometry. Kurilosides of the groups A and E contain carbohydrate moieties with a rare architecture (a pentasaccharide branched by C(4) Xyl1), differing from each other in the second monosaccharide residue (quinovose or glucose, correspondingly); kurilosides of the group C are characterized by a unique tetrasaccharide branched by a C(4) Xyl1 sugar chain; and kurilosides of the groups D and F are hexaosides differing from each other in the presence of an O-methyl group in the fourth (terminal) sugar unit. All these glycosides contain a sulfate group at C-6 of the glucose residue attached to C-4 Xyl1 and the non-holostane aglycones have a 9(11) double bond and lack γ-lactone. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–7 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells and erythrocytes were studied. Kuriloside A₁ (1) was the most active compound in the series, demonstrating strong cytotoxicity against the erythrocytes and JB-6 cells and a moderate effect against Neuro 2a cells.     

木薯叶提取液制备及其对甲鱼生长的影响

本研究优化了木薯叶提取液制备的条件,并且检测该提取液对甲鱼生长性能、血液化学指标的影响。试验首先对提取木薯叶的溶剂提取法进行工艺优化,确定最优提取条件,包括：溶剂浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间4个因素。其次将提取液经处理后加入甲鱼饲料中,通过分析检测甲鱼存活率、生长性能、饲料转化性能、机体营养组成、血液生化及免疫能力指标,来确定其对甲鱼生长的影响。试验结果表明,木薯叶提取制备的最优工艺为：乙醇浓度50％,料液比（mL/g)40 ∶ 1,提取温度70 ℃,提取时间2 h;通过对甲鱼饲养的研究,表明饲料中添加木薯叶提取液能提高甲鱼的生长速度,降低饲料系数,并能降低甲鱼机体内血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯水平,以及降低血清丙二醛含量,从而提高了甲鱼的糖代谢、脂肪代谢和免疫能力。因此,本研究不仅首次将木薯叶提取液作为添加剂加入甲鱼饲料,同时也为木薯叶提取液作为天然低毒的饲料添加剂提供了理论依据。     

Cytotoxic,Cytostatic and HIV-1 PR Inhibitory Activities of the Soft Coral Litophyton arboreum

Bioassay-guided fractionation using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques in the analysis of the Red Sea soft coral Litophyton arboreum led to the isolation of nine compounds; sarcophytol M (1), alismol (2), 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (3), 10-O-methyl alismoxide (4), alismoxide (5), (S)-chimyl alcohol (6), 7β-acetoxy-24-methylcholesta-5-24(28)-diene-3,19-diol (7), erythro-N-dodecanoyl-docosasphinga-(4E,8E)-dienine (8), and 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3β,7β,19-triol (9). Some of the isolated compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxic- and/or cytostatic activity against HeLa and U937 cancer cell lines and inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease (PR). Compound 7 was strongly cytotoxic against HeLa cells (CC₅₀ 4.3 ± 0.75 µM), with selectivity index of SI 8.1, which was confirmed by real time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES). Compounds 2, 7, and 8 showed strong inhibitory activity against HIV-1 PR at IC₅₀s of 7.20 ± 0.7, 4.85 ± 0.18, and 4.80 ± 0.92 µM respectively. In silico docking of most compounds presented comparable scores to that of acetyl pepstatin, a known HIV-1 PR inhibitor. Interestingly, compound 8 showed potent HIV-1 PR inhibitory activity in the absence of cytotoxicity against the cell lines used. In addition, compounds 2 and 5 demonstrated cytostatic action in HeLa cells, revealing potential use in virostatic cocktails. Taken together, data presented here suggest Litophyton arboreum to contain promising compounds for further investigation against the diseases mentioned.     

龟苓蔓越莓保健果冻的研制

为研制风味良好、营养丰富的保健型果冻,以龟苓膏粉、蔓越莓(Oxycoccos)为主要原料,开发龟苓蔓越莓营养果冻,采用单因素试验及正交试验确定最佳配方。结果表明,以龟苓膏粉6 g、果冻粉0.7 g、白砂糖8 g、蜂蜜10 g、水150 m L为最佳配方,按此配方制得的营养果冻呈黑褐色,质地均匀,口感光滑细腻、富有弹性,总体感官品质优良。开发此营养果冻,符合当代消费者的健康饮食理念,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

甲鱼蛋白抗氧化肽的中性蛋白酶酶解条件优化

采用甲鱼蛋白为原料制备抗氧化活性肽,以DPPH(1,1 二苯基 2 三硝基苯肼)清除率和DH(水解度)为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化了中性蛋白酶酶解甲鱼蛋白制备抗氧化肽的酶解条件。结果表明: 温度5065℃,酶解pH值748,加酶量29%时, DPPH清除率最高,为(8556±152)%,对应的水解度为(768±052)%。     

模型礁对幼鲍、幼海胆行为的影响

在水温为(18±0.5)℃、盐度为34.3、pH为8.3的养殖条件下,通过观测试验水槽内幼鲍Haliotis和幼海胆Hem icentrotus pulcherrimus在无模型礁和有模型礁状况下的行为反应,探讨了适合幼鲍、幼海胆栖息的模型礁的结构与形状,并统计分析了4种不同结构的PVC模型礁对幼鲍、幼海胆的聚集率。结果表明:模型礁对水槽内幼鲍、幼海胆的分布均有影响,对幼鲍和幼海胆均有聚集作用,Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型模型礁对幼鲍的聚集效果较好,最高聚集率可达60%和53%;Ⅰ型模型礁对幼海胆的聚集效果较好,最高聚集率可达53%。     

甲鱼养殖废水作为温室番茄栽培灌溉用水的效果研究

针对甲鱼养殖废水排放所造成的环境负荷、资源浪费和温室栽培灌溉的大量用水需求，采用塑料温室栽培试验方法，研究了将甲鱼养殖废水作为温室樱桃番茄栽培灌溉用水的可行性和效果。试验中养殖废水与自来水混合的比例设为：0、50％和100％，栽培试验在无基肥和添加基肥两种情况下进行。结果显示．无基肥添加时，用100％养殖废水灌溉番茄时对其茎粗生长和产量的促进作用明显，番茄茎粗比用纯自来水灌溉的增大约8．6％，产量增加24％左右。50％的养殖废水灌溉效果介于纯甲鱼废水和纯自来水之间；添加基肥时，用50％养殖废水灌溉的番茄茎粗比纯自来水灌溉的增大6％左右，50％和100％养殖废水灌溉情况下的番茄收获量在6月底基本相同，比用纯自来水灌溉的增加约3．8％。养殖甲鱼废水中的养分能部分供给作物生长需要，对有、无基肥添加情况下的樱桃番茄生长都显示出一定的促进作用，但养殖废水的稀释程度对作物生长效果要根据栽培基质的养分管理不同而定。