Effect of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule on serum lipids and inflammatory factors in rabbit abdominal aortic restenosis model

AIM: To investigate the effect of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule (FTZ) on serum lipids and inflammatory factors in rabbits with abdorminal aortic restenosis after balloon angioplasty.METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits (n=30) were divided into 5 groups. Except blank control group, the rabbits in other groups were used to establish abdominal aortic endothelium exfoliative vascular stenosis model. After 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, the animals in restenosis model group and drug treatment groups underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation in the stenosis. The angiographic stenosis was analyzed by a two-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography workstation with a digital subtraction X-ray machine. Blood samples were taken during angiography and the profiles of serum lipids and cytokines were measured. The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the blood vessels was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Angiography confirmed that the rates of area stenosis and diameter stenosis were significantly decreased in treatment groups compared with restenosis model group (P<0.01). Compared with restenosis model group, the serum lipid profiles and cytokine concentrations in drug treatment groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of NF-κB in restenosis model group was significantly higher than that in blank control group and drug treatment groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: FTZ significantly reduces the blood lipids and inflammatory factors in abdominal aortic restenosis model, and the anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the regulation of NF-κB pathway to inhibit the production of various inflammatory factors.     

共轭亚油酸鸡蛋对小鼠血脂和抗氧化功能的影响

选用体质量、日龄接近的昆明小鼠48只,平均分成4组,每组12只,分别饲喂普通鸡蛋和共轭亚油酸（CLA）含量分别为0.1%,0.5%,1.0%的鸡蛋,3个月后测血脂水平、肝脏脂质过氧化值,并观察主动脉变化情况。结果显示,饲喂含CLA鸡蛋的试验组小鼠的总胆固醇（TC）、动脉硬化指数显著小于对照组（P〈0.05）,肝脏丙二醛（MDA）显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,对照组小鼠主动脉组织结构出现病变,而其他试验组病变较轻或未发生变化;表明CLA鸡蛋对改善血脂构成、防止肝脏脂质过氧化、预防血管脂质病变具有积极作用。     

Crop rotation in no‐till soils modifies the soil fatty acids signature

Analysis of whole‐soil fatty acids (WSFA ) was used to characterize no‐till productive agricultural soils associated with different crop rotation managements on the Argentinean pampas, over two sampling seasons. Crop rotation (CR ) treatment was compared with soybean monocropping (MC ). Soils from nearby natural environments (NE ) were used as reference treatments. The objective of this study was to characterize the soil lipid signature and seek putative markers of agricultural management. NE sites had greater concentration of total WSFA than agricultural sites, but no differences between CR and MC were identified. NE sites were characterized by straight chain and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, such as 16:1 ω5c , an established biomarker for arbuscular mycorrhiza. Comparing lipid profiles using multivariate methods allowed a comprehensive comparison among treatments. The CR and NE soil samples were more alike than those of MC , with several fatty acids in common. CR soils were associated with mixed, branched and hydroxylated fatty acids. MC profiles appeared to be enriched by 16:010Me and 18:1 ω7c fatty acids, which could be potential treatment markers. Thus, use of the WSFA approach to study soil lipid signature appeared to be a sensitive method to characterize soil health and soil use and management. However, some of the fatty acids do not come from living cells but from soil organic matter, which sets a limitation on interpretation in terms of the microbial community but expands the biological origin of the soil lipid signature to any biological matter, alive or death, which is a constitutive part of the soil under study.     

Sex-based differences in fatty acid composition of adult walleye

Differences in reproductive strategies of male and female fishes are presumably accompanied by differences in nutrient allocation and predicted to lead to divergence in body composition between the sexes. We compared patterns of variation in fatty acid profiles of lipids extracted from ova, liver, muscle and visceral fat between mature male and female walleye (Sander vitreus) sampled from two wild spawning stocks. Fatty acid profiles differed significantly among body tissues in both males and females, with the strongest contrast between muscle and visceral fat. Significant differences in fatty acid composition between the sexes were found in liver, muscle and visceral fat tissues. Variation among sexes and populations was greater in liver than in the other tissues. Female livers had lower relative abundances of palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) and oleic acid (OA, 18:1(n-9)), and higher relative abundances of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4(n-6)), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6(n-3)) compared to male livers. In addition, female muscle had higher relative abundance of OA and lower relative abundance of DHA compared to male muscle. Our results illustrate the differential effects of reproductive demands on the biochemical composition of males and females and have implications for the analysis of fatty acid profiles in studies of wild fish populations.     

Winter hardiness in faba bean: Physiology and breeding

Winter types of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) have existed for at least 200 years. Their superior use of the growing season confers strong yield advantages over spring beans. Nevertheless, yield increases have been slower than in many other crops. There are few sources of winter hardiness and efforts are in progress to combine favourable alleles from accessions such as Cote D’Or and BPL 4628 to increase the crop’s tolerance to frost. Vernalization requirements are quantitative, as vernalization hastens flowering rather than allowing it. Hardening is associated with increases in fatty acid desaturation of membrane lipids and increases in content of soluble osmoprotectants such as proline. Other osmotically active factors such as glycinebetaine, trehalose and antifreeze proteins have not yet been reported for faba bean. Frost tolerance increases after hardening and shows good heritability (h² = 0.89). Three QTLs (3.6 < LOD < 4.6) have been identified for frost tolerance (explaining 8.6% of the phenotypic variation), and further QTLs for hardening response and cell membrane fatty acid composition. Information on responsive genes and the mode of their action is increasingly available from model plant species but most remains as yet untested in faba bean. There is clear potential for increasing the winter hardiness and yield of winter faba bean so it can be grown in a wider area than at present.     

大米蛋白水平对成熟期大鼠体质量及体脂水平的影响

选用蛋白水平(CP)为7%及14%的大米蛋白(R-7,R-14)及酪蛋白(C-7,C-14)喂养20周龄雄性Wistar大鼠2周后,进行大鼠体质量变化、腹腔贮脂水平、血浆总胆固醇、血浆高密度胆固醇、血浆甘油三酯及肝脏胆固醇、甘油三酯含量的测定。与C-7组相比,R-7组大鼠体质量、生长效率、贮藏脂肪含量、血脂及肝脂水平无显著差异。在高蛋白水平(14%)下,R-14组大鼠体质量总增加量、腹腔贮脂水平均低于C-14组,但各组间无显著差异;对比C-14,R-14显著降低了成熟期大鼠血浆总胆固醇、血浆非高密度胆固醇、血浆甘油三酯水平及动脉硬化指数,并且显著降低了肝脏胆固醇及甘油三酯含量。结果表明,蛋白水平是大米蛋白调控体质量及体脂水平主要影响因素之一。随着蛋白水平的增加(7%~14%),大米蛋白能够降低体质量增加量及腹腔贮脂水平,并显著降低成熟期大鼠血浆及肝脏脂质含量,提示大米蛋白潜在的抗肥胖功能与其蛋白水平密切相关。     

The Effects of Season and Site of Catch on Morphometric Characteristics,Mineral Content,and Fatty Acids of Sardines (Sardina pilchardus) Caught on the Algerian Coast

The variation of morphometrics, mineral content, and fatty acid composition of sardines was determined in relation to season and site of catch in the Mediterranean Sea. Sardines were caught in two regions of the Algerian coast: Mostaganem and Béni-Saf. In both sites, the contents of phosphorus (223 and 211 mg 100 g^?1) and sodium (95 and 10 mg 100 g^?1) were higher in June than in February. Total lipid content was related to the season, being low in winter (2.9%) and high in summer (11.3%). The fatty acid composition shows a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) dominated by n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA C20:5 n-3; 10%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6n-3; 25%). However, the content of n-6 fatty acids was relatively low both in winter (3.4%) and summer (4.7%). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was appreciable in sardines, which range from 34% to 37% according to season. This is in agreement with the literature related to the Mediterranean sardine.     

The Effect of Prior Frozen Storage (−20°C) on the Quality of Oven-Baked Sardines (Sardina pilchardus)

ABSTRACT

The effect of frozen storage for 3, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days on the quality of sardines baked for 15, 30, and 45 min was studied. The combination of frozen storage with the baking time in linear reduction of yield and moisture led to less juicy products, as well as significant changes in proteins and lipids. A linear increase of C16:0 followed by a linear reduction of C22:6ω-3 was detected due to frozen storage, indicating lipid oxidation. This was also confirmed by the C22:6ω-3/C16:0 and C20:5ω-3/ C16:0 ratios, which were reduced by 36.8 and 32.7%, respectively. The fatty acid profiles of sardine samples were not significantly altered due to oven-baking. A gradual reduction of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) of the baked products was observed mainly due to frozen storage. Cholesterol and squalene content increased with increasing the time of baking. A gradual decrease of cholesterol and squalene was observed due to frozen storage.     

Lipid Hydrolysis and Oxidation of Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Mince

Atlantic mackerel was stored at refrigeration or frozen temperatures under vacuum or in air with various treatments to determine lipid hydrolysis and oxidation in the fish muscle. Lipid oxidation in the fish minces occurred continually as long as the samples were exposed to air independent of hydrolytic activity which was deactivated or retarded by cooking the sample or by lowering the storage temperature (-40°C). Lipid oxidation was observed not only in the free fatty acids, but also in the triacylglycerides and the phospholipids extracted from mackerel mince.     

南极磷虾粉脂质及脂肪酸组成分析

为分析南极磷虾粉的脂质成分,实验采用薄层层析法分离制备不同脂质组分,通过酸甲酯化衍生结合气相色谱/质谱法对不同脂质的脂肪酸组成进行比较研究.结果显示:①南极磷虾粉中脂质丰富,总脂含量高达11.37％,且以甘油三酯、磷脂和游离脂肪酸为主,胆固醇含量较低;②总脂脂肪酸主要为C16:0、C18:1n-9、C18:1n-7、C20:5n-3和C22:6n-3,且C20:5n-3和C22:6n-3占总脂肪酸含量的30.67％,表明南极磷虾粉在脂质方面具有较高的营养价值和开发潜力.③不同脂质的脂肪酸组成差异显著,胆固醇酯和甘油三酯中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于游离脂肪酸和磷脂(P＜0.05);而游离脂肪酸和磷脂富含多不饱和脂肪酸,两者含量分别为48.50％和49.96％,远高于胆固醇酯和甘油三酯的13.11％和24.36％,具有显著差异(P＜0.05).