急性冷刺激后巴马猪背膘和腹股沟皮下脂肪组织的脂质组比较

本研究旨在获得巴马猪皮下脂肪组织（包括背膘（backfat）和腹股沟皮下脂肪组织（inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue，iWAT））在急性冷刺激（4 ℃、4 h）后其脂质组成应答的差异。正常饲喂的6月龄巴马公猪在急性冷刺激处理后进行屠宰，收集背膘和腹股沟皮下脂肪组织，利用液相二级质谱（LC-MS/MS）高通量脂质组学检测技术分析其脂质组成。结果表明，在巴马猪皮下脂肪组织中，中性脂类、游离脂肪酸、磷脂类和鞘脂类4大类脂质含量差异巨大，其中含量最高的为中性脂类，在腹股沟皮下脂肪组织和背膘中分别占4大脂类总和的97.43%和98.53%；含量最低的为鞘脂类，在腹股沟皮下脂肪组织和背膘中所占比例分别为0.10%和0.07%。在16亚类脂质组成中含量最高的脂质为甘油三酯，在腹股沟皮下脂肪组织和背膘分别占16亚类脂质总和的95.97%和97.33%；含量最低的脂质为磷脂酸，在腹股沟皮下脂肪组织和背膘中所占比例分别为3.98E-04%和1.13E-04%。主成分分析表明，背膘和腹股沟皮下脂肪组织在急性冷刺激后脂质组成存在差异。以∣差异倍数∣>1.5和P<0.05为标准筛选，共获得18种差异显著的脂类，其中16种脂类在背膘中含量显著低于腹股沟皮下脂肪组织，其中包括14种甘油三酯、DAG32：1（16：1/16：0）和PE40：6p；只有2种脂质（CL74：8（18：2）和TAG54：3（16：0））在背膘中的含量显著高于腹股沟皮下。巴马猪皮下脂肪主要脂质组成为甘油三酯；急性冷刺激后，背膘和腹股沟皮下脂肪组织对急性冷刺激存在不同的应答。     

Microalgae as Sustainable Bio-Factories of Healthy Lipids: Evaluating Fatty Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity

The demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly food sources and food ingredients is increasing, and microalgae are promoted as a sustainable source of essential and bioactive lipids, with high levels of omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA), comparable to those of fish. However, most FA screening studies on algae are scattered or use different methodologies, preventing a true comparison of its content between microalgae. In this work, we used gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) to characterize the FA profile of seven different commercial microalgae with biotechnological applications (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum amblystomatis, Scenedesmus obliquus, Tetraselmis chui, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Spirulina sp., and Nannochloropsis oceanica). Screening for antioxidant activity was also performed to understand the relationship between FA profile and bioactivity. Microalgae exhibited specific FA profiles with a different composition, namely in the ω-3 FA profile, but with species of the same phylum showing similar tendencies. The different lipid extracts showed similar antioxidant activities, but with a low activity of the extracts of Nannochloropsis oceanica. Overall, this study provides a direct comparison of FA profiles between microalgae species, supporting the role of these species as alternative, sustainable, and healthy sources of essential lipids.     

基于iKnife智能手术刀质谱技术金枪鱼内脏脂质组学研究

本研究利用iKnife智能手术刀质谱建立了一种金枪鱼内脏组织脂质组学检测新技术,用于对金枪鱼内脏营养价值进行深入研究。iKnife智能手术刀切割组织样品产生含有大量含磷脂离子的气溶胶,经专门的质谱接口装置直接引入质谱进行实时检测。结果显示,金枪鱼内脏中共鉴定出磷脂离子峰41种,质量范围m/z 699.5~911.6,其中信号最强离子峰m/z 790.5经鉴定为[PE 40:6-H]^-(相对丰度10.03%),其次为m/z 745.5([PA 40:7-H]^-,相对丰度9.02%)。该方法选择性强、精密度高、灵敏度好。本研究结果为质谱相关技术发展提供了参考,为金枪鱼副产物中脂质检测与综合利用提供了依据。     

Seaweed Blends as a Valuable Source of Polyunsaturated and Healthy Fats for Nutritional and Food Applications

Seaweeds are considered healthy and sustainable food. Although their consumption is modest in Western countries, the demand for seaweed in food markets is increasing in Europe. Each seaweed species has unique nutritional and functional features. The preparation of blends, obtained by mixing several seaweeds species, allows the obtaining of maximum benefits and ingredients with single characteristics. In this work, five seaweed blends, commercially available and produced under organic conditions in Europe, were characterized. The proximal composition included contents of ash (20.28–28.68% DW), proteins (17.79–26.61% DW), lipids (0.55–1.50% DW), and total carbohydrates (39.47–47.37% DW). Fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), allowing quantification of healthy fatty acids, namely n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and calculation of lipid quality indices. Each blend showed a characteristic PUFA content in the lipid pool (35.77–49.43% of total fatty acids) and the content in essential and healthy n-3 PUFA is highlighted. The atherogenicity (0.54–0.72) and thrombogenicity (0.23–0.45) indices evidenced a good nutritional value of lipid fractions. As nutritional and environmentally attractive products, the consumption of the studied seaweed blends can contribute to a healthy lifestyle.     

脂质组学技术在家畜精液质量评价和体外保存研究中的应用研究进展

精液质量评价是公畜繁殖力评定的重要手段之一。随着组学技术的快速发展，研究人员可以获得精子细胞高通量的基因、转录本、蛋白和代谢物等信息，对于精液质量评价以及相关的辅助生殖技术研究具有重要意义。最近，研究人员尝试采用脂质组学技术探讨影响哺乳动物精子细胞受精能力的因素。脂质组学（lipidomics）主要是利用高通量技术研究细胞、组织或生物体内的脂类成分和分布等基本生物学特征，在对脂类进行精确定量的基础上，探讨脂类多样性与细胞代谢调控和相应生物学功能的关系。作为蛋白质和核酸的下游产物，脂类可以更直接地反映组织细胞的实时生理状态。精子细胞质膜富含各种脂类，这些脂类对精子细胞的结构和功能具有重要影响。此外，通过脂质组学研究可以获得一些潜在的标记物用于家畜精液质量评价。目前，脂质组学已经应用于精子细胞脂肪酸研究。然而，虽然脂质组学研究发展迅速，但该方法仍存在一定的局限性，主要表现为样品脂类提取技术流程没有统一标准，导致对同一个结果产生不同的解释，因此，脂质组学技术仍有较大的提升空间。作者系统介绍了家畜精子的脂质组基本特征，并总结了脂质组学在精液质量评价和体外保存研究领域的发展现状，同时对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。