地衣芽孢杆菌CP-16脂类水解酶的研究

本试验旨在通过异源表达获得地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)CP-16的脂类水解酶,并探究其在羽毛降解过程中的作用。试验以地衣芽孢杆菌CP-16基因组DNA为模板,扩增脂类水解酶基因,转化入大肠杆菌中表达,获得重组酶L-4。研究重组酶L-4的适宜p H、p H稳定性、适宜温度、温度稳定性以及有机溶剂和金属离子对其相对活性的影响,同时探究其对角蛋白酶K水解天然羽毛角蛋白的作用。结果显示,获得的脂类水解酶基因大小为747 bp,编码248个氨基酸,在大肠杆菌中成功表达出重组酶L-4,其分子质量约为28.3 ku,酯酶活性为0.42 U/m L,适宜p H为6.5,适宜温度为50℃;在p H 6.5~9.5条件下处理30 min相对活性保持80%以上,在低于50℃温度条件下处理30 min相对活性保持70%以上。二价铁离子(Fe~(2+))、钠离子(Na~+)、锰离子(Mn~(2+))、钙离子(Ca~(2+))对重组酶L-4相对活性具有激发作用,钡离子(Ba~(2+))、锌离子(Zn~(2+))、铜离子(Cu~(2+))、镍离子(Ni~(2+))对重组酶L-4相对活性具有抑制作用。当有机溶剂浓度为30%时,重组酶L-4在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和甲醇中保存97%和85%的相对活性,在丙酮、乙醇中保存45%以上的相对活性,在异丙醇中保存不到20%的相对活性,而在乙腈中相对活性基本完全丧失。用重组酶L-4预处理天然羽毛底物,可提高角蛋白酶K对底物的水解效率,促进率为4.32%。由此可见,脂类水解酶可降解羽毛表层脂质,可在促进角蛋白酶水解羽毛角蛋白中发挥作用。     

The Effect of Lecithin Supplementation on the Biochemical Profile and Morphological Changes in the Liver of Rats Fed Different Animal Fats

Sixty-four Wistar rats were divided into 8 equal groups and kept for 36 days in individual boxes. Three of the groups were given full synthetic diets containing various animal fats: beef tallow, pork fat or fish oil. A control group was fed the diets without the fat. The other four groups were fed the same diets with lecithin supplementation. At the end of experiment, sections taken from the liver were stained with haematoxylin–eosin and Sudan III to indicate fat infiltration. Liver enzyme levels, total bilirubin, albumin and two products of lipd metabolism were measured in serum from all the animals. The addition of lecithin to the diets did not influence the level of enzymes in the serum except in rats fed the diet containing beef tallow. A relationship between the type of diet, lecithin supplementation and the total cholesterol concentration in serum was observed. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol was only influenced by lecithin supplementation and that of triglycerides by the type of fat in the diet. The addition of lecithin to the diet was associated with proliferation of Kupffer cells, and an increased number of binuclear cells. Fatty degeneration of hepatocytes was less pronounced in all groups following lecithin supplementation. Lecithin supplementation of the diet did not elicit any pathological lesions and may be considered as a hepatocyte protector. This favourable effect of lecithin was most marked in the group of rats fed the fish oil.     

Presumed lipid retinopathy in a diabetic dog

An eight-year-old neutered male diabetic Cardigan Welsh Corgi was presented for bilateral mature cataracts. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed routinely, and recovery was uneventful for several months except for lipemic aqueous flare which gradually resolved during the postoperative period. Five months following surgery the owner presented the dog for decreased vision. White retinal deposits were visualized ophthalmoscopically. Serum analysis revealed that the dog was concurrently markedly hyperlipemic. The patient's diet was changed from a high- to a low-fat diet, following which diabetes control improved, hyperlipemia resolved, and the retinal deposits decreased markedly in size. The retinal deposits seen ophthalmoscopically are presumed to be lipid based upon their association with marked hyperlipemia, and the concurrent resolution of hyperlipemia and the fundic lesions.     

油酸和硬脂酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸结合蛋白3表达和脂滴分泌的影响

为确定外源添加长链脂肪酸油酸和硬脂酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸结合蛋白3（FABP3）表达的影响,本试验采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测乳脂合成相关基因的表达情况,确定油酸和硬脂酸的最佳浓度和培养时间分别为75 μmol/L 12 h和100 μmol/L 36 h。采用Western blotting和免疫荧光法检测添加油酸和硬脂酸后FABP3表达和脂滴分泌的情况,为进一步揭示FABP3在乳脂合成信号转导通路中的作用提供理论依据。     

日粮赖氨酸水平对12～18周龄雌性临武鸭生长性能及肠道结构的影响

为研究12~18w临武鸭的赖氨酸需要量,试验随机选取健康、体重接近的84日龄雌性临武鸭210羽,分为5个处理(赖氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.65%、0.75%、0.85%、0.95%),每处理设6个重复,每重复7只鸭,试验全期为42d。结果显示:(1)12~18周龄雌性临武鸭增重较慢,且各组试鸭间平均日采食量和日增重差异均不显著(P0.05),但0.75%赖氨酸组有增加平均增重的趋势;(2)试验各组间试鸭的十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著(P0.05),但有增加绒毛高度的趋势。试验结果表明,以生长性能和肠道结构为评价指标,本试验条件下12~18w龄雌性临武鸭日粮赖氨酸水平以0.75%为适宜。     

合生素对肉用鹌鹑免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

摘 要：本试验旨在研究日粮中添加合生素对肉用鹌鹑免疫功能和对肠道菌群的影响。将120只1日龄法国莎维麦脱肉鹌鹑随机分为对照组和合生素组,每组60只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,合生素组在基础日粮中添加0.05%合生素试验期35天。结果表明,合生素显著提高肉用鹌鹑明显提高了免疫器官指数、ND抗体水平和E-玫瑰花环的转化率,且28～35日龄差异显著（P<0.05）;明显的降低了空肠大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量（P<0.05）,提高了乳酸杆菌的数量（P<0.05）。     

不同密度·施肥量对泰花9号花生产量及农艺性状的影响

[目的]探明江苏省沙土、高沙土及周边生态条件相近地区花生新品种泰花9号的栽培技术。[方法]采用随机区组排列,设计7种栽培密度、7个施肥水平,研究不同密度和施肥量对泰花9号产量及主要农艺性状的影响。[结果]密度和施肥量对泰花9号产量、株高、侧枝长、分枝数、有效果数均有显著影响。[结论]泰花9号适宜种植密度为165 000穴/hm~2;施复合肥(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=15∶15∶15)450.0~600.0 kg/hm~2,同时配以75.0~112.5 kg/hm~2尿素作基肥较好。     

棉田中黑盲蝽的经济损害允许水平

分别采用田间自然危害,人工接虫和模拟危害的方法,就棉田二、三、四代中黑盲蝽(Adelphocoris suluralis Jak.)的危害损失和经济损害允许水平进行了研究。结果得出:①二代中黑盲蝽的危害,不至于造成棉花产量损失。②三代中黑盲蝽危害所造成的产量损失随虫口密度呈不对称S形增长,其损失率概率单位(P)与虫口密度(x)的数学模型为:P=5.72301gx-4.3561。最大损失量为10.43kg/亩。③四代中黑盲蝽的危害损失随虫口密度的增加而增加。④三、四代中黑盲蝽的经济损害允许水平分别为百株虫量27头和37头。     

泥鳅营养需求研究进展

泥鳅是适应性较强的杂食性鱼类,主要养殖品种有大鳞副泥鳅(又称黄斑鳅)和真泥鳅(又称泥鳅),肉质鲜美,营养价值高,销售量大,深受消费者喜爱。泥鳅营养需求是配制饲料的理论基础,但目前研究报道较少。为此,本文介绍了泥鳅基本营养需求研究概况,对泥鳅营养需求研究提出了一些看法,以期为建立和完善泥鳅的营养标准和高效配合饲料的开发提供科学参考。     

浅议基层农业科研所的人才战略

当今世界的竞争。以人才竞争为焦点。作为我国农业科学研究的基层单位,面对日益激烈的人才竞争。要想在社会和经济发展的大潮中立于不败之地,就必须实施符合自己发展的人才战略,即引进来和走出去战略。