Proteins in Norway spruce thermomechanical pulp

Two methods of cytochemical staining using Coomassie dye and Cu⁺-bicinchoninic acid, respectively, showed that there are proteins in thermomechanical pulp (TMP) of Norway spruce. Protein isolated from TMP was analyzed for amino acid composition. There was about twice the amount of acidic amino acid material compared with basic amino acids, and the presence of glucosamine indicated that the isolated polypeptides also contained glycoproteins. The presence of proteins in ray cells and fiber tracheids in TMP adds to the chemical heterogeneity of the structurally complex high-yield pulp.     

不同提取方式下塔拉籽油提取率及其相关性质的研究

采用不同提取方式对塔拉籽油提取率、理化指标、脂肪酸构成进行测定的结果表明:在索氏、超声、超临界3种提取方式中,超临界在塔拉籽油的提取率和脱酸方面表现最好,相关理化指标的表现也较好;塔拉籽油脂含有棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸、二十二碳酸等8种脂肪酸,不同提取方式对脂肪酸构成及含量无明显影响,超临界为塔拉籽油最优提取方式。     

在低温锻炼中毛白杨幼苗可溶性总蛋白、RNA、DNA、RNase及抗冻性的变化

低温锻炼不仅提高了毛白杨幼苗存活率和抗冻性以及RNA和可溶性总蛋白的含量 ,降低了RNase活性 ,而且能减轻低温胁迫引起的RNA和可溶性总蛋白含量的下降程度和RNase活性的提高 ,有利于幼苗在恢复过程中RNA和可溶性总蛋白水平的迅速回升以及RNase活性的降低 .进一步研究发现 ,DNA含量无论在低温锻炼中还是在低温胁迫下或是在随后的恢复生长期均保持相对稳定 ;低温锻炼所引起的RNA含量的增加 ,与RNase活性的降低呈明显的负相关 ,与可溶性总蛋白含量的增加以及幼苗抗冻性的提高成正相关 .这表明低温锻炼可能抑制RNase活性 ,有效地促进RNA含量的增加 ,而RNA可能参与了可溶性总蛋白的合成及抗冻性的诱导     

Formation and chemical structures of acid-soluble lignin I: sulfuric acid treatment time and acid-soluble lignin content of hardwood

To elucidate the formation mechanism of acidsoluble lignin (ASL) formed in the Klason lignin determination, beech wood meals were treated with sulfuric acid (SA) under various conditions, and the ASL solution was extracted with CHC1₃. The results indicated the following: (1) wood components yielding ASL are dissolved in 72% SA during the initial stage; (2) the quantity of ASL is highest during the initial stage, then decreases with prolonged time of 72% SA treatment and finally reaches a constant value; (3) soluble lignin prepared by 72% SA treatment and subsequent standing in 3% SA again yield insoluble Klason lignin and ASL after boiling in 3% SA; and (4) about half the amount of ASL is dissolved in CHC1₃. The foregoing suggest that wood components yielding ASL are dissolved in 72% SA at the beginning and finally change to ASL after being subjected to depolymerization, hydrolysis, and other reactions. ASL may thus be composed of low-molecular-weight degradation products and hydrophilic derivatives of lignin.     

Variation in combined fatty acid and sterol profiles of Ascocoryne,Nectria, and Neobulgaria-strains isolated from Norway spruce

The diversity of Ascocoryne cylichnium, Nectria fuckeliana and Neobulgaria premnophila isolates expressed as variation in their fatty acid and sterol composition was investigated. Despite high within-species variation, distinct differences in the fatty acid and sterol composition between species were evident.     

Distribution of boron in wood treated with aqueous and methanolic boric acid solutions

The distributions of boron in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood blocks treated with aqueous or methanolic boric acid [B(OH)₃] solutions were explored through Raman spectroscopy and prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA). B(OH)₃ was the sole boron species observed in Raman spectra of the wood blocks treated with either solution. Plots of weight gain of the treated wood blocks versus boron concentration in treatment solutions were found to be linear. The results indicated that the methanolic solution makes it possible to impregnate wood with much larger amounts of boron than the aqueous solution. PGA confirmed that B(OH)₃ was highly enriched near the end grains of the treated wood blocks. Raman measurements suggested that boron content in the bulk of the wood block is not as large as expected from the weight gain of the treated wood blocks when an ordinary air-drying method is used. It was concluded that the aqueous solution impregnates the cell walls of wood with boron more easily than the methanolic solution. Part of this report was presented at the 55th (Kyoto, March 2005) and 56th (Akita, August 2006) Annual Meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society. This article follows the previous rapid communication “Analysis of boron in wood treated with boric acid solutions using Doppler broadening method of prompt gamma-rays.” J Wood Sci (2006) 52:279–281     

枣树愈伤组织培养中几种物质的变化研究

枣树愈伤组织在继代培养中,前期(第5～15天)淀粉、还原糖、蛋白质、核酸的含量都在增加;在第15～35天,淀粉和还原糖的含量下降,蛋白质和核酸的含量上升,并在第35天时达到最大值;第35天以后它们的含量都在减少.说明枣树愈伤组织继代培养中,快速增长期在第15～30天,第35天以后生长速度在逐渐减慢.由此确定枣树愈伤组织培养最佳的继代周期为第30～35天.     

杉木种子萌发期间蛋白质和游离氧基酸的变化与种子活力的关系

杉木[Cunninghama lanceolata(Lamb)Hook.]种子富含蛋白质,其含量约占种重的20％左右。蛋白质是贮藏物质之一,氨基酸又是组成蛋白质的前体。因此,贮藏蛋白质水解形成各种氨基酸的速度快慢及量的多少,必将影响新的蛋白合成,从而进一步影响胚的发育和幼苗生长。为此,我们进行了杉木种子萌发期间蛋白质和游离氨基酸变化与种子活力关系的研究。材料与方法     

芥子酸甲酯氧化偶合合成二聚体酯的研究

在单锅中探讨了以芥子酸为底物,经酯化和氧化偶合两步反应合成芥子酸甲酯二聚体酯的方法.研究结果表明,此合成方法操作简便,反应条件温和(室温反应),无须分离中间体,且产率较高(收率高达66.58%).还探讨了时间、原料比、催化剂的用量等对一锅法产率的影响及氧化偶合机理.