中国沙棘克隆生长对不同光照强度的响应

利用遮阳网产生的不同光照强度（100％、70％、50％和20％的自然光照）,研究了中国沙棘克隆生长对不同光照强度的响应规律。结果表明,（1）当光照强度从20％逐渐增加到100％时,种群生长量、生物量积累与分配、地下克隆器官参数等增幅均呈二次抛物线变化,相对光照强度为50％～70％是其克隆生长的最佳光照强度。（2）种群生长量、种群及各器官生物量、子株数量及萌蘖根生长量增幅最大时的光强分别为48.0％～61.7％、52.8％～53.6％、55.6％～57.6％,且分株生长量和种群生物量、萌蘖根生长量和子株数量之间具有协同作用,而营养生长和克隆繁殖之间存在权衡关系。（3）在适宜的光照强度下,种群以分株比较高大且分布相对密集为特征,生长格局倾向于集团型;在光照强度过大或过小的情况下,种群以分株比较矮小且分布相对稀疏为特征,生长格局倾向于游击型。当光照强度由低到高变化时,生长格局将由游击型到集团型再到游击型,形成一个觅养对策连续体。     

自然老化对木粉/HDPE复合材性能的影响及添加剂的应用

研究木粉/高密度聚乙烯(WF/HDPE)复合材在不同朝向的自然老化条件下使用时颜色与表面化学成分的变化,并分析采用光稳定剂、抗氧剂和颜料作为防老化剂的效果.户外使用的木粉/HDPE复合材在夏天暴晒1个月颜色就会发生明显变化,南面和东面更加显著,红外分析表明:复合材料表面C=O增加、木材指数下降,有氧化现象发生.人工加速稳定老化检测结果表明:与抗氧剂和光稳定剂相比,颜料的使用对减小变色有明显作用,但颜料、抗氧剂和光老化剂3种助剂对延缓WF/HDPE复合材的抗弯性能下降没有起到明显作用.     

不同间伐强度下辽东栎种群结构特征与空间分布格局

种群结构是植物种群的重要属性,反映种群个体在空间上的组配方式和发展趋势;种群分布格局是指种群个体在水平空间的配置状况或分布状态,反映种群个体在水平空间上彼此间的相互关系(蒋     

11 种城市木本植物叶片生理物质对遮荫的响应

通过遮光率45%、75%和全光照3种光生境的植物栽培试验,测定了11种城市木本植物叶片叶绿素、花青素、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质的变化,分析了遮荫对不同木本植物生理物质变化的影响,结果表明,遮荫能增加多数植物的叶绿素含量,明显降低花青素含量,特别是色叶植物,从而影响色叶植物的叶色效果,遮荫可减少色叶植物可溶性糖的含量,而增加非色叶植物可溶性糖含量,但对不同类型植物可溶性糖含量的影响幅度不一;遮荫能减少大多数植物的淀粉含量,但使部分色叶植物的淀粉含量增加,而不同遮荫程度对植物叶片淀粉含量的影响没有明显的规律性;光生境变化对植物叶片蛋白质影响缺乏明显的规律性,影响幅度也不一。     

Assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi related to silvicultural management intensity in beech forests in southern Germany

Current silvicultural treatments in beech forests are aimed at achieving thick logs without discoloured hardwood. Therefore intensive thinning is applied already in younger stands with the objective of large-sized trunks at an age of 100 years. However, this approach bears the risk that dead wood structures and broken trees are completely removed from the forest. The impact of three different silvicultural management intensity levels on wood-inhabiting fungi over decades was investigated in a large beech forest (>10,000 ha) in southern Germany in 69 sampling plots: A Intensive Thinning and Logging with high-value trees, B Conservation-Oriented Logging with integration of special structures such as dead wood and broken trees and C Strict Forest Reserves with no logging for 30 years. The analysis of community showed marked differences in the fungus species composition of the three treatments, independent of stand age. The relative frequencies of species between treatments were statistically different. Indicator species for naturalness were more abundant at sites with low silvicultural management intensity. Fomes fomentarius, the most common fungus in virgin forests and strict forest reserves, is almost missing in forests with high-management intensity. The species richness seemed to be lower where intensive thinning was applied (P = 0.051). Species characteristic for coarse woody debris were associated to low management intensity, whereas species with a significant preference for stumps became more frequent with increasing management intensity. A total amount of dead wood higher than 60 m³/ha was found to enable significantly higher numbers of species indicators of naturalness (P = 0.013). In conclusion, when applying intensive silvicultural treatment, the role of dead wood needs to be actively considered in order to maintain the natural biocoenosis of beech forests.     

Adaptation of herbaceous plant species in the understorey of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus brutia</Emphasis>

Most of Pinus brutia (Ten.) Holmboe forests are grazed, as silvopastoralism is well adapted in the Mediterranean environment. However, little attention has been paid to the demographic dynamic of the understorey vegetation even though it is strongly affected by the absorbed radiation. The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptation of herbaceous plant species under a Pinus brutia canopy, in Northern Greece. Monocultures of four plant groups (annual and perennial grasses, annual and perennial legumes) were sown in experimental areas of 50%, 70% and 100% light intensity. The density of annual and perennial grasses and perennial legumes were decreased by the shade cast by the Pinus brutia canopy. Population density of the annual legumes was little affected by light intensity: the annual grasses Bromus mollis L. and Lolium rigidum Gaudin; the perennial grasses Dactylis glomerata L. var. palestine, Festuca arundinacea and Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn; the perennial legume Medicago sativa L. var. romana; the annual legumes Medicago lupulina L. and all the tested varieties of Trifolium subterraneum adapted well to the 50% light intensity habitat.     

庞泉沟自然保护区优势种种群竞争关系及其动态预测

利用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型对庞泉沟自然保护区优势种群的种内、种间竞争关系进行了定量分析。结果表明:种内和种间竞争强度随着林木径级的增大而逐渐减小,种内竞争较之与其伴生树种间的竞争剧烈。华北落叶松种内、种间竞争强度大小顺序为:种内>云杉>红桦>白桦>关帝柳>花楸>山杨。竞争强度与对象木胸径之间存在显著的幂函数非线性回归关系,回归结果与林分实际相符,从而为庞泉沟自然保护区混交林理论研究和合理经营提供了科学依据。     

铁皮石斛的挂篮仿生栽培模式

文章比较分析不同苗龄和光照强度条件下铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum)挂篮培育的生长变化,以筛选铁皮石斛挂篮培育的最佳条件.结果表明,利用铁皮石斛0.5 a生驯化苗在疏林下(郁闭度50%~85%)进行挂篮培育,成活率为100%,生长状况最好,基部芽健壮,平均数量为7.3个,并且没有高位芽长出.研究建立了铁皮石斛人工仿生栽培模式.     

间伐对杉木人工林土壤酶活性及微生物的影响

[目的]研究间伐对杉木人工林土壤微生物数量、酶活性及关系的影响,试图了解不同间伐强度作用下土壤恢复的过程和机制,为人工林经营提供理论依据。[方法]以18年生杉木人工林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,分析4种间伐强度TS0(未间伐(0.0%),1 800株·hm-2)、TS1(轻度(16.7%),1 500株·hm-2)、TS2(中度(33.3%),1 200株·hm-2)和TS3(重度(50.0%),900株·hm-2)下杉木人工林土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性特点,探讨土壤微生物数量与酶活性的相关性。[结果]表明:间伐3年后,林下土壤层酶活性和微生物数量显著提高,不同土层间土壤微生物数量和酶活性均差异显著;间伐显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,除过氧化氢酶(15 30、30 45 cm)、碱性磷酸酶(0 15、30 45 cm)以及脲酶(30 45 cm)以TS3处理的酶活性最高外,其他酶活性在各土层和不同间伐强度下均以TS2处理的酶活性最高;土壤各层微生物以细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌,硝化细菌最少,且TS2处理的微生物数量最多。土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性均与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与放线菌数量呈极显著负相关,氨化细菌数量与过氧化氢酶活性呈负相关,而与脲酶活性呈正相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与氨化细菌数量呈极显著负相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关;蔗糖酶活性与细菌、真菌和氨化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关。[结论]间伐改善了林分环境、光照、温度以及林下植被的发育,提高了林下土壤酶活性并增加了微生物数量。间伐3年后的综合表现表明,中度间伐最利于杉木人工中、近熟林阶段的经营,对于改善土壤性质较好。     

Effects of continuous spectrum LEDs used in indoor cultivation of two coniferous species Pinus sylvestris L. and Abies borisii-regis Mattf

The effects of four different continuous spectrum LED light qualities on the growth characteristics of Pinus sylvestris L. (PS) and Abies borisii-regis Mattf. (AB) seedlings were studied. The seedlings were exposed for 35 days inside growth chambers to G2 (high in red and far-red), AP67 (high in blue and far-red), AP67-ARCH (high in green), and NS2 (high in blue including a small percentage in the UV area) LEDs, as well as fluorescent light (FL) as Control. Each species showed a unique light-adapted response. G2 treatment stimulated needle formation of PS seedlings, while AB seedlings were unaffected. Hypocotyl elongation was promoted by FL; however, LEDs resulted in compact plants with greater root development, especially under the AP67-ARCH and AP67 spectra for PS and AB, respectively. In PS, AP67-ARCH and G2 significantly increased dry weight, while AB was affected significantly by AP67 and NS2. Furthermore, root growth potential of both species was better after LED pre-cultivation than the FL. Therefore, the use of continuous spectrum LEDs can enhance desirable quality characteristics of seedlings, which may be advantageous in large scale seedling production for reforestation.