Wood Moisture Content Measurement by X-Ray Exposure Method

lNTRoDUCTIONTheon-sitcnon-dcstructit'cmcasurcl11cntofu.oodmoisbocontcntattTactsgrcatintcrcsts.Itpla3'simpor-tantpartsinthescicntificrcscarchsucl1asonthchcatandmasstransportproccssesint"ooddri'ing.thcim-pregnationofliquidinxt'ood.thcmoisturccontcntdistri-b…     

The effect of tractor logging on forest soil compaction and growth ofShorea selanica seedlings in Indonesia

The hardness in soil was investigated in four forest areas in Indonesia after a crawler tractor passed over it several times. The hardness in soil, expressed by bulk density, was measured at various depth and various distances from the main track. Recovery of soil hardness was also examined. The bulk density increased markedly by the first and second pass of the tractor, but did not change after the fifth pass. The bulk density was highest just under the main and the log track, and decreased with an increase in distance from the track (0.5 to 1.5 m). The greatest increase in bulk density was observed at the depth of 0–5 cm. The soil hardness tended to show recovery within 9 years after logging, though not completely. Growth and root penetration of seedlingsShorea selanica decreased with the increase of soil hardness. We considered that the 2 tractor passes that caused bulk density of 1.3 g/cm³ is critical for the growth ofS. selanica’s seedling.     

新型轻质家具材料-木质材料强化蜂窝纸芯复合板的研制

选用木质材料强化蜂窝纸芯中蜂窝单元的边长、纤维板支撑条的厚度以及强化蜂窝纸芯的拉伸率作为试验因子,探讨这三个因子对复合板力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,蜂窝单元的边长对板材MOR、MOE和平面抗压强度有显著性影响,支撑条厚度对MOE有显著性影响,拉伸率对板材力学性能无显著性影响。     

森林植被碳贮量估算及分析

文章基于岳阳市2009年森林资源统计数据,对全市森林植被类型的生物量、碳贮量和碳密度进行初步估算。结果表明:岳阳市森林植被碳贮量为9.238Tg,其中,平江县的森林植被C贮量最大,为3.606Tg,占总C贮量的39.03%。各森林类型的C贮量来看,松木林的C贮量最大,为2.754Tg,占总C贮量的29.81%。岳阳市森林植被平均C密度为16.02t.hm-2,各县市区森林植被的C密度为13.39~27.10t.hm-2,森林植被平均C密度最大是云溪区,为29.02t.hm-2,各森林类型中阔叶树的C密度最大,为27.24t.hm-2,是全市森林植被平均C密度的近2倍。       

Diameter distribution of trees in natural stands managed on polycyclic cutting system

Diameter frequency distribution in a specific stand provides basic information for forest resources management.In this study,four probability models were applied to analyze diameter distribution of natural forests after selective cutting with different intensities (low intensity of 13.0% in volume,medium intensity of 29.1%,high intensity of 45.8%,and extra-high intensity of 67.1%).The results show that the skewness and kurtosis of the four models are positive except that of low intensity selective cutting,which suggest that the number of small-size trees dominate the stand.The more intensity of selective cutting,the wider range of diameter distributions.The diameter structure of selective cutting with low intensity met Weibull and Beta distributions;that of medium intensity met Weibull,negative exponential as well as Gamma distributions;that of high intensity cutting met Weibull and negative exponential distributions,but that of extra-high intensity could not meet any above model.Weibull distribution model fits better than others regarding the structure of diameter distribution in natural forests managed on polycyclic cutting system.The results will provide basic information for sustainable management for mixed natural stands managed on a polycyclic cutting system.     

多层写字楼施工技术实例分析

本文主要对单体用钢量大、楼层高的多层写字楼的施工进行技术分析,为今后此类型工业建筑施工工艺水平的提高提供成功的经验。     

热-应力耦合场作用下含缺陷压力管道的应力强度因子研究

含有轴向长裂纹承受超高压的厚壁压力管道,当其内外壁温度不一致时会产生热应力,从而使总的应力场发生变化,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子也将发生变化。本文用有限单元法计算了由稳态热荷载和内压力共同引起的应力强度因子,并通过选取几组不同的厚壁管道几何参数、裂纹参数和温度参数,分析了它们对应力强度因子的影响规律。总结后发现,热-应力耦合场作用下,应力强度因子随径比、裂纹深度比和温度比的增加而增加,且外壁温度高于内壁时得到的应力强度因子更大,压力管道处于更加危险的工况,工程上需要特别注意。     

木荷幼苗对常绿阔叶林不同光环境的光合响应

在夏季晴天,对生长在旷地、林窗和林下的木荷幼苗光合作用的日变化、光响应曲线及对短暂遮荫的响应等进行观测,结果表明:(1)旷地的日平均光合有效辐射约为1 230 μmol·m-2·s-1,分别是林窗和林下的1.7和12.3倍左右,并且旷地的气温显著大于林窗和林下的,而空气相对湿度却明显低于其它2个光环境;(2)木荷幼苗在旷地和林窗均出现光合"午休"现象,旷地木荷"午休"时净光合速率的降幅约60%,而林窗的降幅约为30%;旷地中木荷幼苗的最大净光合速率约为17.8 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,约是林窗和林下的1.8和3.4倍;此外,木荷幼苗的光饱和点、光补偿点和暗呼吸速率均随环境光强的增大而增大;(3)短暂遮荫时,随着光合有效辐射的降低,各光环境中木荷幼苗的气孔导度和蒸腾速率不断降低,胞间CO2浓度逐渐升高,水分利用率在旷地和林窗中呈下降趋势,而在林下一定低光范围内(约130～800 μmol·m-2·s-1)则维持了较高水平;(4)受光斑照射时,光斑区域的光合有效辐射和净光合速率分别比受光斑前以及未受光斑区域提高了10倍和4倍以上.     

不同光质对长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生长及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的影响

对不同光质条件下长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性水平进行检测,探讨长鞭红景天次生代谢和环境调节之间的相关性.结果表明:1)长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞生物量变化为S型曲线,6～9 d进入直线生长期,PAL活性也表现出一定的规律性,在细胞指数生长期急剧上升,至细胞干质量最大时,活性最大,生长停止期时急速下降至初始水平;2)不同光质在较长时间辐射处理下,长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量表现出一定的差异,PAL活性也随之不同,其中长时间的红光处理有利于酶活性的提高,但生物量显著低于白光处理.     

Insights into the differences in leaf functional traits of heterophyllous Syringa oblata under different light intensities

Many plants exhibit heterophylly; the spatially and temporally remarkable ontogenetic differences in leaf morphology may play an adaptative role in their success under diverse habitats. Thus, this stud...