强光对苹果盆栽苗叶片抗坏血酸含量的影响

为研究强光对苹果叶片抗坏血酸(AsA)含量的影响,以2年生嘎拉苹果盆栽苗叶片为试验材料,分别在强光下处理0、2、4、6、8 h,检测其叶片相对膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量的变化。研究结果表明:随着强光处理时间的延长,苹果叶片相对膜透性、MDA、H2O2含量上升。总抗坏血酸含量在强光处理4 h时达最大值,之后开始下降;AsA/DHA比值均随强光处理时间延长而下降。结果表明抗坏血酸对苹果叶片抵抗强光逆境具有一定的调控作用。     

肉桂酸和不同光质对葡萄愈伤组织增殖及白藜芦醇累积的效应

以葡萄品种"黑比诺"叶片诱导出的愈伤组织为材料,研究了不同浓度的肉桂酸和不同光质对葡萄愈伤组织增殖及对其中白藜芦醇合成的影响.结果表明:肉桂酸浓度为21mg·mL-1时,白光有最利于葡萄愈伤组织的增殖;在肉桂酸浓度为27mg·mL-1时,绿光最有利于葡萄愈伤组织的增殖;白藜芦醇含量在肉桂酸浓度为27mg·mL-1的白光下最高,但产量却在蓝光下最高;葡萄愈伤组织采收后经紫外强度8μmol.m-2.s-1处理10min可显著提高其中的白藜芦醇含量;而当肉桂酸与紫外两个因素共同作用时对白藜芦醇合成的促进作用不如两因素单独作用时的强.     

LED光源不同光质对叶用莴苣幼苗叶片气体参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

采用发光二级管(LED)调制光质和光量,研究不同光质处理对叶用莴苣品种‘奶油生菜’和‘美国大速生’幼苗叶片气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光的影响.结果表明:LED光源光质提高了叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及叶绿素a/b值,品种间叶绿素含量差异显著,‘奶油生菜’‘美国大速生’;光质对叶用莴苣幼苗叶片光合速率的影响是由非气孔因素引起的,蓝光LED增大了叶片Gs,‘奶油生菜’以蓝光LED的光合速率最高,而‘美国大速生’以荧光灯处理最高;LED-红∶蓝下叶用莴苣各品种均具有最高的原初光能转化效率、开放的PSII中心有效光化学转化效率、PSII的电子传递速率和叶片PSII潜在活性;与荧光灯相比,LED光源对提高叶用莴苣叶片光合能力具有明显优势,有利于提高叶片的PSII活性和QA的还原速率.     

补光明显增大大棚反季节巨峰葡萄果实简报

为探讨补光对巨峰葡萄增大作用,在葡萄生长3～5片叶时,利用24W节能灯对其进行为时60d的夜间补光处理。试验结果表明,节能灯补弱光处理对反季节巨峰葡萄果实增大有显著的促进作用。     

烘烤过程中烟叶淀粉透光率和颗粒结构的变化*

 采用河南农业大学设计的电热式温湿自控密集烤烟箱,研究了淀粉透光率、淀粉含量和结构在烘烤中的变化特征。结果表明：烟草淀粉透光率在烘烤过程中的不同时段（12,24,36,60,72,95,125h）整体上是随着测试温度的升高而上升,在70℃以后显著升高,直到95℃透光率值接近100%;不同测试温度的淀粉透光率与淀粉含量之间均呈现负相关,在干筋阶段（95-125h）,各测试温度淀粉透光率均显著升高至最大值;烟草淀粉颗粒的结构与烟草的透光率等淀粉理化性质有一定的密切关系。烟叶淀粉透光率变化规律和颗粒结构变化的研究结果,可为烟叶在烘烤工艺上的优化提供参考。     

山楂叶螨在苹果叶正面取食与夜间增加黄色光对其生命参数的影响

为了探索黄色光照是否能够减轻叶螨危害,采用生命表试验方法,研究了山楂叶螨取食苹果叶正面和夜间增加黄色光照后的叶螨生命参数。结果表明,山楂叶螨在苹果叶片正面取食,与正常取食叶背面的对照相比,产卵期和平均世代周期没有变化,但是死亡50%的时间缩短2 d,幼若螨的死亡率高,不适宜叶螨的生存;山楂叶螨在叶正面的净生殖率和内禀增长率仅仅相当于在叶背面的1/3;种群加倍天数在叶正面需要17.9 d,比对照多13.2 d,表明山楂叶螨在叶正面取食其种群增长受到强烈的影响。在夜间增加黄色光照的情况下,种群的存活、增殖并无影响,仅仅是延长了产卵期和世代周期。     

Cellular localization of Visudyne® as a function of time after local injection in an in vivo model of squamous cell carcinoma: an investigation into tumor cell death

Objective To evaluate the effects of time on cellular localization of Visudyne^® after local injection. Animals Twenty athymic nude mice. Procedures A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (A‐431) was injected into right and left dorsolumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse, representing treatment (T) and control (C) tumors. In experiment 1 (Exp 1; n = 10) and 2 (Exp 2; n = 10), the T tumors received a local injection of Visudyne^® (0.1 mg/cm³), and C tumors received an equal dose of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Mice were randomly subdivided into two groups (A and B; n = 5 per group). Mice in Exp 1A and B were sacrificed 1 and 30 min after local injection, respectively. Experiment 1A and B tumors were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to determine drug localization. Experiment 2A and B tumors were exposed to LED illumination 1 and 30 min after injection, respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine ultrastructural tumor cell damage. Results Fluorescence was detected within the cytoplasm of T tumors in both Exp 1A and B. Significance was detected in fluorescence intensity between T1 min vs. T30 min (P = 0.03) and between T1 min and C1 min tumors (P = 0.01), respectively. Tumors in Exp 2A and B demonstrated evidence of apoptotic cell death. Conclusions Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated higher Visudyne^® concentration within SCC cytoplasm of 1 min compared with 30‐min tumors. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that tumors treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) within 30 min of local injection undergo cellular apoptosis.     

Calculation method for sunshine duration in canopy gaps and its application in analyzing gap light regimes

Understory light is essential to the growth and survival of plants, yet the light varies temporally and spatially within forest gaps. Measurement of understory light levels using light sensors is both time and labor intensive. Sunshine duration (SD) has a strong correlation with solar radiation and has been the variable most widely used for estimating solar radiation. The power of SD-based methods for estimating solar radiation lies in its ability to quickly estimate light levels. Although several calculation methods for SD within canopy gaps are available, all the methods oversimplify canopy gaps by classifying them as cylindrical or ellipsoid and thus have a relatively low level of accuracy. In this study we developed a calculation method for SD at any given point within natural canopy gaps and we used SD to estimate solar radiation within 12 canopy gaps on Mt. Taibai in China based on the Angström-Prescott model. We then evaluated the SD-based solar radiation by the total and direct solar radiation derived from a gap light index based on hemispherical photographs (HP). Finally, we analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of light levels within these 12 gaps by using the solar radiation derived from SD at hundreds of simulated points in each gap. Our results showed that (1) SD-based solar radiation was not statistically different from HP-based direct solar radiation and had a strong linear correlation with HP-based total solar radiation; (2) growing-season daily mean solar radiation within the 12 gaps varied from 0.08 to 13.28 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹ with an average of 4.13 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹; (3) solar radiation had a positive correlation with the ratio of the square root of the canopy gap area to the mean canopy height. This relationship was significant but solar radiation had no correlation with the canopy gap area; (4) among most gaps solar radiation was greatest in May while potential SD was longest in June 2008. From these results we can conclude that the SD-based method for estimating solar radiation developed in this study can quickly and accurately estimate light levels at any specified point within canopy gaps. SD-based solar radiation appears to be a good choice for studies on the spatial-temporal characteristics of gap light levels.     

日本落叶松容器苗造林研究

通过对日本落叶松裸根苗、轻基质容器苗和黑塑料杯容器苗的苗木质量及造林效果的对比研究得出,轻基质容器育苗能够显著提高落叶松的苗高、地径及一级侧根数量,苗木质量较高;在不同立地条件下,采用轻基质容器苗造林能够显著提高造林成活率及造林苗的新梢生长量,是适宜在冀北山区推广的造林技术。     

不同生长期燕子掌SOD含量与环境因子的关系

研究了不同生长时期燕子掌叶和花中SOD的含量及不同环境因子下燕子掌叶中SOD的含量。结果表明:随着燕子掌由营养生长向生殖生长转变,叶中SOD的含量会升高,花比叶中含量高;在不同盐浓度、水分、光照处理下,燕子掌叶中SOD的活性会随着3种处理水平的增加而升高到一定峰值后下降;3种环境因子对燕子掌的影响程度由大到小依次是盐光照水分。