Effect of dietary GroBiotic®‐A supplementation as a prebiotic on the intestinal microflora,growth performance,haemato‐serological parameters,survival rate and body composition in juvenile beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754)

The objectives of the present study were to investigate of GroBiotic^®‐A (GBA) on growth, autochthonous intestinal microbiota and haemato‐serological parameters of beluga juvenile. A total of 180 fish (40.82 ± 5.81 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of GBA (0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg^?1 diet) for 8 weeks. No significantly differences in body composition, total viable aerobic bacteria, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, albumin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were detected between treatment groups. The fish fed on 10 and 20 g kg^?1 GBA significantly showed higher lactic acid bacteria, final weight, body weight increases, weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio compared with the control and 5 g kg^?1 groups. The group fed 20 g kg^?1 GBA showed a highly significant difference in condition factor, survival rate, final length, total red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity. The specific growth rate of the treatment groups was significantly elevated compared with the control groups. These results indicated that GBA at level 20 g kg^?1 improved growth, welfare and survival of beluga juvenile.     

Intensification of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus culture: II. Growout in a separate cell system

In the process of exploring ways to intensify crayfish culture, a growout system of individual cages (cells) was designed to determine the effects of gender and cell size on the growth of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Cells of three different diameters—large (25 cm), medium (20 cm) and small (16 cm)—were used. When crayfish were stocked at a mean weight of approximately 10 g, growth rate of males was significantly higher than that of females. The growth rate of the males in the large cells was 0.31±0.14 g/day, while that of the females was 0.18±0.09 g/day. The size of the cell had significant influence on the weight of males. Male crayfish in the large and medium cells grew better than those in the small cells. When males were stocked at a higher mean weight (about 23 g), their mean weight after 206 days was higher in the large cells (69.28±15.72 g) than in the small cells (58.11±12.66 g), suggesting that the growth of large males was also affected by cell size. Regardless of cell size, male animals of this species grew faster than females under conditions of individual cells. This intensive culture method appears to present a powerful improvement in yields, by as much as two orders of magnitude, in comparison with communal cultures.     

铝中毒对蛋鸡白细胞和红细胞免疫功能的影响

采用连续腹腔注射相同体积不同浓度梯度的三氯化铝，建立不同程度的鸡亚慢性铝中毒型，检测铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数(WBC)、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率和红细胞免疫复合物花环率。结果表明，铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率均明显低于健康对照组雏鸡，而红细胞免疫复合物花环率明显高于健康对照组雏鸡。上述结果说明, 铝中毒对雏鸡细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能有明显的抑制作用。     

桦褐孔菌发酵液提取物小鼠体内抗H_(22)肝癌的作用

为确定桦褐孔菌发酵液提取物的毒性级别,研究对H22肝癌小鼠的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用。依据2004年实施的《急性毒性试验国家标准》进行急性毒性研究和级别鉴定,同时建立H22肝癌的荷瘤小鼠模型进行小鼠体内抗肿瘤的研究,并采用MTT法检测荷瘤小鼠自然杀伤细胞活性(NK)及T淋巴细胞增殖情况。结果表明,桦褐孔菌发酵液提取物(IOFE)的LD50为15.02 g·kg-115 g·kg-1,属无毒级别。与阴性对照和阳性对照比,体重、采食量均稳定增长,抑瘤率为44.25%,可显著提高NK细胞活性67.13%(p0.01),但对T淋巴细胞增殖率效果不明显。桦褐孔菌发酵液提取物具有较好的抗肿瘤作用,且毒性极低,抗肿瘤作用可能是通过提高机体免疫活性尤其是NK细胞的杀伤活性实现的。     

猪体细胞核移植技术及研究现状

自2000年Polejaeva I A获得第1头克隆猪后,短短几年时间全世界已有10多例成功的报道,使得猪的体细胞核移植有了长足的发展,但目前猪的体细胞核移植效率依然低下,人们对核移植中重编程分子机理的认识知之甚少。简要综述了猪体细胞核移植近年来的研究进展,分析了猪核移植中的技术难点和影响因素。     

EPS364, a Novel Deep-Sea Bacterial Exopolysaccharide,Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion

The prognosis of liver cancer was inferior among tumors. New medicine treatments are urgently needed. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide EPS364 was purified from Vibrio alginolyticus 364, which was isolated from a deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea. Further research showed that EPS364 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, gluconic acid, galactosamine and arabinose with a molar ratio of 5:9:3.4:0.5:0.8. The relative molecular weight of EPS364 was 14.8 kDa. Our results further revealed that EPS364 was a β-linked and phosphorylated polysaccharide. Notably, EPS364 exhibited a significant antitumor activity, with inducing apoptosis, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Huh7.5 liver cancer cells. Proteomic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses indicated that EPS364 inhibited cancer cell growth and adhesion via targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that EPS364 is a promising antitumor agent for pharmacotherapy.     

硫化物醌氧化还原酶定向表达载体的构建及细胞转染表达检测

为建立硫化物醌氧化还原酶(SQR)的肠道定向表达载体,同时通过转染小鼠肠道上皮细胞确定载体的有效性,本试验采用重叠PCR、中间载体法、酶切连接法获得重组载体,通过脂质体转染法将重组载体转入小鼠肠道上皮细胞,并鉴定重组载体的特异性表达。结果显示,成功构建了以肠脂肪酸结合蛋白质(IFABP)为启动子的SQR肠道定向表达载体pc DNA3.1(-)-IFABP-SQR-GFP,并在小鼠肠道上皮细胞中检测到表达的融合绿色荧光蛋白质(GFP)。表明IFABP启动子能够在肠道细胞中定向启动SQR的表达。     

采用卵子-胚胎移植技术分析研究家畜受精和早期发育

为了阐明家畜受精及早期发育或者输卵管内未受精卵的变化过程,记述了4种卵-胚胎移植方面的研究：①将来自发情黄体期的猪卵母细胞移植到授精动物的输卵管内,可获得受精结果,但将卵移植到已经交配的猪输卵管内会导致多精受精。②把第7~8 d的猪孵化囊胚移植到同期处理的受体内,可以观察到胚胎成功发育到19~23 d。证明失去滋养外胚层的扩张囊胚可以承受移植的物理操作并保持发育能力,而且未交配受体的黄体寿命可以在第7 d和第8 d支持移植胚胎发育。③取2~6 mm直径发育卵泡的牛卵母细胞经体外成熟可以在授精小母牛的输卵管内正常受精,表明其具有受精和胚胎发育能力。④将马的卵母细胞移植到猪的输卵管内,卵母细胞到达子宫的时间仅需46~48 h,在此过程中没有发现未受精马卵的退化现象,暗示了输卵管中存在维持卵子生理机能的因子。综上所述,卵移植是研究家畜早期发育的有效分析技术。     

~(60)Co辐照诱变对姬松茸菌丝生长及其细胞形态结构的影响

本文报道了经不同剂量60 Coγ射线辐照对姬松茸菌丝生长、扭结和细胞形态结构的影响。结果表明 ,采用 0 2～ 0 5kGy低剂量辐射后的姬松茸菌丝 ,细胞壁比对照厚 ,而且细胞出现重度质壁分离。随着辐照剂量增大其细胞壁则变薄 ,而且细胞出现轻度质壁分离。经高剂量辐射后 ,姬松茸菌丝生长速度减缓 ,菌丝生长呈稀弱状 ,但与对照相比 ,采用低剂量辐射则有利于促进菌丝生长和提前扭结 ,其子实体增产率达 34 8%。