杂交条纹鲈苗种小水泥池培育技术试验

用地上露天小水泥池8个．进行杂交条纹鲈苗种培育试验．放养313龄水花30000尾．通过天然饵料、藻粉投喂以及适当水质管理措施．经32天培育，共培育3．5～4．6cm体长的鱼种4336尾．最高成活率为19．1％，最低为6％，平均为14．5％。     

Diet shift of larval and juvenile landlocked Ryukyu-ayu <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis</Emphasis> in the Fukuji Reservoir,Okinawa Island,Japan

ABSTRACT:   The diet shift of larval and juvenile Ryukyu-ayu Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis was investigated for the landlocked population stocked in the Fukuji Reservoir, Okinawa Island. Gut contents of 274 specimens (5.1–31.4 mm in body length) including 31 yolk-sac larvae (5.7–8.0 mm) were examined. The diet of larval and juvenile landlocked P. a. ryukyuensis was mainly composed of zooplankton such as dinoflagellates, rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans. Feeding incidence was 48% in total and it gradually increased with growth. Diet analysis clearly demonstrated a diet shift during the larval and juvenile periods. For yolk-sac larvae and 5.0–19.9 mm fish, the diet was dominated by dinoflagellates Gymnodinium sp., and Peridinium sp., both numerically and by frequency, followed by rotifers that mainly consisted of Polyarthra spp. Diet breadth (Levin's standardized index B_A) diversified with growth, and feeding on copepods and cladocerans gradually increased in 10.0–14.9 mm fish. Diet overlap (Morisita's index: C) showed that diet drastically changed in 20.0–24.9 mm fish with a specialization on cladocerans Bosminopsis deitersi and Diaphanosoma brachyurum . This diet shift probably corresponded with an increase of feeding ability resulting from an enlargement of the mouth, increased swimming ability, and the development of sense organs.     

相关因子对轮虫高效培养的影响研究

用3种不同的小球藻对轮虫进行投喂,研究接种时的携卵率及温度对轮虫生长的影响。结果表明：饵料的种类对轮虫的摄食和生长影响不大,携卵率高的轮虫其增殖率也相对较高,在适温范围内,28～29℃为轮虫生长的最适温度。     

杂交鲌"先锋1号"肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

为探明杂交鲌“先锋1号”与其母本翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)(♀)和父本黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)的营养品质差异,对三种鲌肌肉营养品质进行了测定和评价。结果显示:杂交鲌水分含量显著高于父本,粗脂肪含量显著低于父本,灰分含量显著低于母本。杂交鲌肌肉的胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于母本,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于父本。杂交鲌肌肉中十五碳烷酸(C15∶0)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3)的相对含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌。杂交鲌肌肉硬度显著高于母本,肌肉弹性显著低于父本;铁含量与父本无显著差异,但显著高于母本。结果表明,杂交鲌“先锋1号”肌肉营养成分兼具双亲的优良性状,表现出一定的杂交优势,是一种优质的营养资源。     

Prey‐type‐dependent foraging of young‐of‐the‐year fish in turbid and humic environments

Abstract – Fish, which are generally visual foragers, experiences reduced reaction distance in visually degraded environments, which has consequences for encounter rates with prey. Small prey is detected at shorter distances than larger prey, and piscivores are therefore predicted to be more strongly affected by visual degradation. In experiments, roach (Rutilus rutilus) were fed two plankton prey types and pike (Esox lucius) were fed Daphnia and larval roach, in clear water, algal turbid water and water coloured brown by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Planktivorous foraging in roach was not affected by visual degradation, while pike foraging on both Daphnia and larval roach was. Pike showed increased reaction distance to Daphnia in visually degraded water, while it was severely reduced with roach as prey even if the visual range was not reduced below pike reaction distances in clear water. Pike foraging on Daphnia was not affected, but when foraging on roach, the reduced search efficiency was counteracted by increased attack rates. However, there was no increase in movement and no difference between turbid and DOM treatments. Effects on piscivores will likely become more pronounced at later life stages as prey size and the reliance on long‐distance detection increases at the same time as changing climatic conditions may further deteriorate the visual conditions in future.     

低盐胁迫对细角螺幼螺呼吸排泄的影响

为了评估细角螺苗种对低盐胁迫的耐受能力,将细角螺(Hemifusus ternatanus)幼螺养殖盐度自27逐渐降低至22、18和14,测定处理后不同时间细角螺幼螺的耗氧率和排氨率。结果显示,盐度27降至22后幼螺耗氧率先显著降低,在第二天升至对照组水平,此后略有波动但均与盐度27无显著差异;盐度降至18与对照组无显著性差异;盐度降至14,细角螺的耗氧率先有显著升高,后与对照组相比无显著差异。盐度从27降至22后,幼螺的排氨率在第一、第二天显著升高,其后逐渐降低,盐度自22降至18和14,排氨率呈先降低后升高的趋势。盐度22处理后幼螺的氧氮比先降低后升高,盐度18和14处理组先升高后逐渐降低,说明低盐胁迫影响细角螺幼螺能量物质分解代谢的比率,胁迫条件下幼螺以脂肪和碳水化合物为主要供能物质。实验结果表明,第一次低盐处理对幼螺呼吸排泄的影响较大,此后再逐渐降低盐度,幼螺具有一定的适应能力。本实验结果可为细角螺养殖和放流前盐度驯化提供参考。     

酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝的影响

为探讨酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝不同发育阶段的影响,2000年4月和2001年4月在浙江省玉环县抛西水产育苗场用实验生态的方法研究了酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫和稚贝生长和存活的影响。结果表明:pH值7～8存活率最高,生长最好。稚贝的耐干露能力低下。     

斑鳜的人工繁殖与苗种培育试验

2005-2006年,进行了斑鳜的人工繁殖和苗种培育试验.试验结果表明,催产斑鳜亲鱼18组,雌鱼平均体质量380 g.催产率83%;获受精卵10.85万粒,受精率75%;获水花6.62万尾,孵化率61%.水花于水泥池中养至平均全长2.0cm 苗种成活率72%;平均全长2.0 cm苗种养至平均全长5.0 cm苗种成活率88.5%,1334 m<'2>池塘放养平均全长2.0锄苗种6200尾,经93 d养殖,收获鱼种4371尾,平均全长12.66 cm.平均体质量32.39 g,养殖成活率70.5%.     

海带配子体克隆育苗的关键技术

海带配子体克隆育苗生产技术工艺包括克隆的扩增培养、采苗及幼苗培育3部分。从生产应用的角度总结并探讨了海带克隆育苗工艺中各环节的关键技术。     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.