周期性饥饿再投喂对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、生化组成和能量收支的影响

在水温为17～19℃条件下,分别以鲜杂鱼(x)和配合饲料(p)为饵料,采用一直投喂(对照组)和周期性饥饿1 d再投喂6 d(S1F6)、饥饿2 d再投喂5 d(S2F5)3种投喂方式,研究投喂不同饵料时周期性饥饿再投喂对大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus幼鱼(体质量为7.80 g±0.01 g)生长、生化组成和能量收支的影响,试验共进行42 d。结果表明:投喂配合饲料时,S1F6p和S2F5p组均具有完全补偿生长现象;投喂鲜杂鱼时,S1F6x组具完全补偿生长现象,S2F5x具部分补偿生长现象;投喂配合饲料和鲜杂鱼时,周期性饥饿再投喂处理的大菱鲆幼鱼均通过饲料转化效率和摄食率共同提高来实现其补偿生长,且各试验组的鱼体成分和对照组均无显著性差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验处理组幼鱼的生长能比例均有所增加,而代谢能比例均有所减少;无论是处理组还是对照组,鲜杂鱼的投喂效果均优于配合饲料。     

Host Plant-Based Artificial Diets Enhance Development,Survival and Fecundity of the Edible Long-Horned Grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Wild swarms of the long-horned grasshoppers Ruspolia differens (Serville) which are widely harvested for consumption and sale in Africa are seasonal and unsustainable, hence the need for innovative ways of artificially producing the insects. We investigated the development, survival, and reproduction of R. differens in the laboratory on diets mixed with host plants [Digitaria gayana Kunth, Cynodon dactylon (L.) and Megathyrsus maximus Jacq (Poales: Poaceae); Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asterales: Asteraceae)] identified from guts of their wild conspecifics with a view to developing a suitable diet for artificial mass rearing of the edible insect. A standard diet comprising ground black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Startiomyidae) larvae, soybean flour, maize flour, vitamin premix, and ground bones was tested for rearing R. differens as a control against the same ingredients incorporated with individual powders of the different host plants. Whereas R. differens developed more slowly in the diet mixed with D. gayana than in the control diet; its development was faster in the diet mixed with C. dactylon. Mortalities of R. differens in host plant-based diets were 42.5–52.5%, far lower than in the control diet with 71% mortality. The insects raised on the diet mixed with M. maximus laid approximately twice more eggs compared to R. differens fecundities from the rest of the diets. However, inclusion of host plants in the diets had no detectable influence on R. differens adult weight and longevity. These findings support inclusion of specific host plants in artificial diets used for mass rearing of R. differens to enhance its survival, development, and fecundity.     

叶酸对铅中毒幼年大鼠中枢神经系统的保护作用

通过研究铅对大鼠中枢神经元的损伤以及应用叶酸后的影响，探讨了叶酸对铅中毒条件下中枢神经元的保护作用。将健康清洁级初断乳3周龄SD大鼠随机分为铅染毒组，叶酸给药组及生理盐水组。各组于处理后第2、3、4周取材。铅染毒组、叶酸给药组每组各30只，生理盐水组12只，共72只。测量血铅，分别进行海马和小脑组织的H—E染色及凋亡抑制基因Bcl—2、凋亡基因Bax的蛋白免疫电泳，并作光密度分析。结果，通过对各个时间段各组血铅测定，可得叶酸给药组血铅含量低于铅染毒组。铅染毒组Bcl-2蛋白表达量少于给药组，而Bax多于给药组，H—E染色结果铅染毒组神经细胞数量明显少于叶酸给药组。结果表明，叶酸可降低铅中毒大鼠的血铅浓度，并具有一定抗细胞损伤作用，对铅中毒大鼠的中枢神经元具有一定的保护作用。     

浅议市级图书馆服务少年儿童读者

结合市级图书馆的实际和少年儿童读者的特点,就市级图书馆为少年儿童读者服务的问题进行阐述,指明了素质教育背景下市级图书馆儿童读者工作的重要性及发展方向。     

彩色茧（金黄色）新品种金秋×初日永康试养初报

家蚕新品种金秋×初日除具有天然金黄色蚕茧性状外，其它各项经济性状与对照种秋丰×白玉相仿。但在气候比较恶劣的环境下，金秋×初日明显的表现出强健性高，发病率低，是一对能适合适度规模化省力化饲养，特别是在饲养条件比较差的环境下取得稳产的优良品种。     

Detection efficiency and habitat use to inform inventory and monitoring efforts: juvenile coho salmon in the Knik River basin,Alaska

Imperfect detection associated with sampling gear presents challenges for wildlife inventory and monitoring efforts. We examined occupancy dynamics and habitat use of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in shallow lake environments over a summer and early fall season in the Knik River area of south central Alaska using models which control for and estimate sampling gear detection efficiency. In addition, we present statements for the probability that observed absences at a survey site or from a survey area (a collection of sites) are true absences given some amount of sampling effort and analysts' beliefs about site occupancy and sampling gear detection efficiency which can be used to guide inventory and monitoring efforts for juvenile salmon or other wildlife and plant species. Occupancy modelling results demonstrate that minnow traps were effective at sampling juvenile coho in shallow lake environments, with a mean probability of detection across the study period of 0.68 (i.e., probability of detecting the presence of juvenile coho given that they are present at a trap site; SE = 0.03). Juvenile coho salmon migrated into shallow water lakes in late summer and early fall, presumably to seek out overwinter habitat. N‐mixture modelling examination of habitat use demonstrated that once in shallow lake environments, juvenile coho were widely distributed across a range of microhabitats, with some evidence for preference for shallower depths and warmer water temperatures.     

应用伪钝绥螨防治苹果全爪螨初报

伪钝绥螨是叶螨的有效天敌,1986年引入天水,1987、1988年在苹果园进行了释放试验,6月中、下旬按1:50的益害比释放于苹果树上,结果表明经过35～40天,苹果全爪螨从峰期(1987、7、31)7.79头/叶和(19888、2)21.84头/叶开始减退,至50～60天,分别减退为1.76头/叶和1.90头/叶,而对照树分别为19.43头/叶(8、20)和44.15头/叶(8、2)。该螨对苹果全爪螨越冬卵的控制效果明显,释放树平均一年生枝条单枝含卵量为15.95粒,化防树为93.64粒。     

银纹夜蛾人工饲养技术研究

本文在研究了各种环境因子对银纹夜蛾实验种群影响的基础上，进一步研究了食量，低温保种及饲养管理技术，设计了一种便于收集卵的新型产卵笼，并总结了人工饲养银纹夜蛾的技术要点。     

A novel method for rearing the progeny of wild mediterranean fruit flies using artificial fruit

A technique for rearing the progeny of wildCeratitis capitata flies was developed. The method is based on wild captured flies which are allowed to oviposit in artificial fruit containing larval rearing medium. Flies develop in the fruit from eggs to last larval instar, then exit the fruit and pupate within vermiculite. This method was shown to be feasible and efficient, and to increase considerably the number of wild flies for testing purposes. Possible contribution to the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and potential applications of the method are discussed.