基于环境与经济协调发展背景下的环境伦理教育实施的途径与模式研究

随着社会经济快速发展,环境问题日趋严重,经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾凸显。环境伦理教育在实现环境与经济"双赢"过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究论述了环境伦理的理论基础,提出了环境伦理教育实施的主要途径和模式,展望了环境伦理教育的发展趋势。     

风险防范原则在外来物种入侵立法中的适用

讨论风险防范原则在我国外来物种入侵立法中的适用,并提出了相应的管理基本思路。     

外来植物入侵及修复研究

目前,外来植物的大规模侵入已经严重威胁全球生物多样性,造成生物多样性急剧下降。本文总结了外来入侵植物的主要入侵途径、种类及分布等生存现状,并分析了土壤、生态、植被等方面的潜在危害,最后在此基础上针对于现存问题提出了相对具体的防治措施。     

广东低强度养护绿地危害植物调查及防治研究

采取实地全面踏查的方法,连续3 a对广东农工商职业技术学院增城校区绿地内危害植物进行跟踪记录,包括外国入侵植物和本土危害植物。研究了这些植物的种类、原产地、株型、生活型、危害程度、危害趋势及植物生长习性等。结果表明:1）共有31科81种危害植物,其中菊科、禾本科、豆科、苋科所占比重较大;2）外国入侵种危害性比本土危害种更强,其中美洲起源最多;3）草本植物危害最严重,共有66种,占81.48%;4）多年生和1年生危害植物较多,分别占59.26%和24.58%,夏末和秋季为最佳防控期;5）一年蓬、小蓬草、牛筋草、白花鬼针草、假臭草等17种植物危害严重且扩散迅速,属需高度关注的高危种;6）危害植物的危害及蔓延具明显规律。这些研究结果能揭示广东省低强度养护绿地危害植物侵入及危害规律,并为该类低强度养护城市绿地的科学监控和高效管理提供依据。     

Impact of climate-smart agricultural technology on multidimensional poverty in rural Ethiopia

A large body of empirical literature showed that the adoption of agricultural technologies reduces poverty. However, dominants of those studies so far used one-dimensional income or expenditure-based measures of poverty which may not reflect other types of deprivations. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to examine the impact of adopting climate-smart agricultural technology, which refers to a joint application of row planting methods and the use of chemical fertilizers, on the multidimensional poverty status of rural households in Ethiopia. To estimate the impact of the stated technologies, this study employs propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression methods. To measure the multidimensional poverty index, the study also uses the Alkire and Foster counting approach. Using the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey(ESS), collected in 2015-Wave 3, the results of the study show that the adoption of these technologies reduces deprivation score and one of its component, the standard of living part. Regionally, a high reduction in deprivation is observed in Amhara and Oromiya regions. The results also show that the impact is significantly higher in severely deprived households. It is also observed that the reduction in multidimensional poverty due to the technology is through an increase in income/consumption via improvement in production gain. The impact channels more through the non-food expenditure pathway. Finally, this study also sheds light on the effects that technology adoption has on multidimensional poverty reduction.     

揭阳市4种严重危害性外来入侵植物分析

多年的入侵植物调查发现,揭阳市外来入侵植物有31科92种,其中4种为揭阳市严重危害性植物,23种较严重危害性植物,65种一般性影响植物。介绍了4种严重危害性植物(空心莲子草、凤眼莲、马缨丹和五爪金龙)的生物学特性及控制方法。     

Intra‐population variability of life‐history traits and growth during range expansion of the invasive round goby,Neogobius melanostomus

Abstract Fish can undergo changes in their life‐history traits that correspond with local demographic conditions. Under range expansion, a population of non‐native fish might then be expected to exhibit a suite of life‐history traits that differ between the edge and the centre of the population’s geographic range. To test this hypothesis, life‐history traits of an expanding population of round goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas), in early and newly established sites in the Trent River (Ontario, Canada) were compared in 2007 and 2008. Round goby in the area of first introduction exhibited a significant decrease in age at maturity, increased length at age 1 and they increased in GSI from 2007 to 2008. While individuals at the edges of the range exhibited traits that promote population growth under low intraspecific density, yearly variability in life‐history traits suggests that additional processes such as declining density and fluctuating food availability are influencing the reproductive strategy and growth of round goby during an invasion.     

外来海洋物种入侵风险评估体系的构建

为了评估外来海洋物种入侵的风险,根据外来海洋物种入侵特点,在文献分析和专家咨询的基础上,采用层次分析和三角模糊数数值标度计算权重的方法,设计5个一级指标和20个二级指标,构建了外来海洋物种入侵风险评估体系。利用该评估体系对7种（类）典型海洋外来种进行了风险评估。评估结果表明,互花米草和对虾白斑病毒为极高风险等级;沙筛贝、米氏凯伦藻和帕金虫为高风险等级,罗非鱼为中风险等级;大菱鲆为低风险等级。由于传统层次分析法的“1～9标度”方法不能精确地反映人的实际思维,从而影响最终的判定结果,本评估体系借鉴了三角模糊数表示的改进方法来计算权重值,并对一级指标和二级指标的相对权重均进行了权重设计,得出的结果更加精确地反映了人的实际思维。外来海洋物种入侵风险评估体系的建立将为外来海洋物种入侵风险管理提供决策依据和参考。     

黄河三角洲外来入侵有害生物的初步研究

经过实地调查和资料分析,初步确定黄河三角洲外来入侵有害生物物种达70种,其中外来入侵有害动物15种、有害病原微生物7种、有害植物48种。在此基础上,明确了这些外来入侵物种的地理分布,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

Computed tomographic assessment of vascular invasion and resectability of mediastinal masses in dogs and a cat

AIMS: To assess the sensitivity of non-angiographic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to determine the presence of vascular invasion of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs and a cat, and to evaluate the association between vascular invasion and peri-operative mortality.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 25 dogs and one cat. CT scans were completed with slices ranging from 2 to 10 mm. CT images were evaluated by a board-certifi ed radiologist blinded to previous diagnoses and surgical fi ndings. Each CT study was evaluated for vascular invasion, defi ned as disruption of the vessel wall and extension of the mass into the vessel lumen. Data retrieved from the surgery reports included surgical approach, whether vascular invasion was present, the surgeon's decision on operability, and post-operative complications.

RESULTS: Computed tomographic evaluation revealed 25/26 masses had no evidence of vascular invasion. During surgical exploration, 10/26 masses were found to invade major regional vasculature; the cranial vena cava (CVC) was the vessel most commonly invaded (7/10 animals), and 4/7 (57%) patients with invasion of the CVC were euthanised or died in the perioperative period, from surgical or disease-related problems, which was signifi cantly higher than patients without vascular invasion (p=0.045).

CONCLUSIONS: Non-angiographic contrast-enhanced CT was signifi cantly less sensitive for detecting vascular invasion of cranial mediastinal masses when compared with surgical evaluation. If the CVC was invaded by a tumour there was a signifi cant risk of death peri-operatively when compared with non-invasive cases.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Due to the signifi cantly higher mortality risk associated with invasion of the CVC, a more sensitive method than CT should be investigated to determine vascular invasion of mediastinal masses pre-operatively.