凹叶厚朴伴生树种与混交比例选择

凹叶厚朴与杉木、马尾松的不同混交比例、不同立地质量等级的造林对比试验结果表明：不同的混交比例,对凹叶厚朴、杉木、马尾松的胸径和树高生长,以及凹叶厚朴的树皮率都有极显著影响。马尾松是凹叶厚朴优良的伴生树种,种间关系良好。凹叶厚朴、马尾松的混交比例以5马5朴较为合理。杉木与凹叶厚朴混交效果较差。     

Interspecific hybridization of a multiploid mutant of durum wheat with rye and Triticum monococcum L. results in pentaploid hybrids

The multiploid mutant of durum wheat is a genotype that produces unreduced gametes. Our objective was to test the recovery of pentaploid hybrids in crosses of the mutant with rye and Triticum monococcum L. Compared with check crosses, the mutant had a two‐third reduction in percent seed set for rye crosses, but had only a slight decrease in crossability with T. monococcum. Pentaploid hybrids were associated with plump seeds of the mutant/rye cross, and with shrivelled seeds of the mutant/T. monococcum cross. We suggest that the endosperm balance number hypothesis explains the association of pentaploid hybrids with endosperm type. This association made for easy recovery of pentaploid hybrids from crosses to both species. Mature, plump seeds from the mutant/rye cross were germinated and pentaploid hybrids were recovered. One pentaploid hybrid was recovered for every 50.5 and 15.1 florets pollinated with rye and T. monococcum, respectively. Unreduced gametes in the multiploid mutant will facilitate interspecific hybridization by reducing the time to produce pentaploid plants.     

湖羊起源及系统地位的研究

应用中心产区典型群简单随机抽样法 ,检测控制血液酶和其他蛋白质变异的 14个结构基因座上31个等位基因的频率 ,并引用国内外 2 2个绵羊群体 11个座位的研究资料 ,以探讨湖羊的起源及系统地位。研究表明 ,湖羊与蒙古利亚的绵羊群体亲缘关系相对较近 ,两者可能在更早的世代具有共同的起源。这个结果与已知的历史事实吻合。     

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Miticidal 4,5-Dihydropyrazole-5-thiones

A series of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thiones (DHPs) was synthesised by treating the corresponding dihydropyrazolones with ‘Lawesson’s reagent and evaluated for miticidal activity against two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Of these, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione-4-spirocyclopentane and 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione were highly active (pEC₅₀>4·0) and were more effective than the miticide dicofol (pEC₅₀=3·879), which has traditionally been used for the control of phytophagous mites. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed on each position of the pyrazole ring of DHPs. The results indicated that the unsubstituted phenyl, 4-substituted phenyl and thioxo groups on the 1-, 3- and 5-positions of DHPs respectively were required for activity. Quantitative SAR studies using physicochemical parameters of substituents and the capacity factor k′ as a hydrophobicity index suggested that: (a) the activities of all types of DHPs examined were mainly dominated by hydrophobicity, (b) the bulkiness of 4-substituents of the 3-phenyl ring favoured the activity and (c) the log k′ optimum for all DHPs was 1·675, equivalent to a log P_ow value of c. 5·0.     

Studies on genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat,Daduhe loquat and common loquat by RAPD and ISSR

The genetic relationships among oakleaf loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides）, Daduhe loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides var. dadunensis） and common loquat （Eriobotrya japonica） were studied by RAPD and ISSR markers. The results showed that the similarity coefficient between oakleaf loquat and common loquat was minimal （0.6996 and 0.7219, respectively） and the similarity coefficient between oakleaf loquat and Daduhe loquat was maximal （0.8403 and 0.8211, respectively）, while the similarity coefficient between Daduhe loquat and common loquat was always intermediate （0.7195 and 0.7219, respectively）. The highest additivity was obtained when Daduhe loquat was regarded as the undetermined hybrid （44.9% and 45.8%, respectively）. The specific bands of oakleaf loquat and common loquat were present in Daduhe loquat. Thus, it could be concluded that Daduhe loquat was a hybrid of oakleaf loquat and common loquat.     

瓜尔豆品种遗传关系分析

瓜尔豆[Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]为一年生抗旱耐热豆类植物,是Cyamopsis属中经济性最为重要的一个种。有关商业品种的遗传关系的信息对于瓜尔豆育种至关重要。本文依据6个瓜尔豆,1个C. senegalensis 种和1个 C. serrata种的引种系的RAPD和植物学性状数据采用UPGMA方法 进行了聚类分析。供试的三个种共扩增出29条带,其中26条具有多态性。每个引物扩增出的多态性片段为2至6条,平均3.3条。基于这26条多态性RAPD片段的Jaccard相似系数,聚类分析将这3个种分为2组：第一组包括C. serrata 和 C. senegalensis 2个野生种,第二组包括Cyamopsis tetragonoloba种的6个品种。在第二组中,‘Kinman’与其他5个品种的关系较远。用这8个材料形态性状非相似系数进行的聚类分析获得了类似的结果,但用形态性状比之RAPD检测到组内更多的变异。     

24个优质蛋白玉米自交系与中国温带玉米四大优势群代表自交系的配合力和杂种优势群研究

 【目的】研究QPM种质与中国温带种质之间的杂种优势关系并划分杂种优势群。【方法】采用NCⅡ设计对24个热带、亚热带优质蛋白玉米（QPM）自交系和4个温带普通玉米优良自交系配制96个杂交组合，在云南省3种不同生态环境下对这些杂交组合进行农艺性状和产量配合力分析，评价群体的应用价值和利用潜力，再根据产量特殊配合力效应和系谱追踪划分杂种优势群。【结果】自交系YML761、CML171、CML172、中系096/o2、YML411、YML024和YML042产量一般配合力较高。产量SCA效应较高的组合有YML401×黄早四、CML172×Mo17、YML761×掖478、长709/o2×Mo17、H152×丹340、中系096/o2×掖478和YML872×Mo17。【结论】自交系YML761、CML171、CML172、中系096/o2、YML411、YML024和YML042在生产中有较大的利用价值。YML411、YML042、CA307、YML065和YML401归入Lancaster群；CML165、CML166、YML761、中系096/o2、长631/o2、YML011、YML872归入旅大红骨群；CML171、CML161、CML172、齐205、CA10139、YML330、8129归入四平头群，CML163、CML170、H152、长709/o2和YML024归入Reid群。本研究结果与系谱分析及前人的研究基本一致。     

应用酯酶同工酶研究加拿大一枝黄花和栽培品种黄莺的亲缘关系(英文)

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE)对来自6处不同生境的加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensisL.)和栽培品种黄莺(Solidago goldenwings)进行了酯酶同工酶测试、分析;并通过对酶谱特征进行数量化分级,根据欧氏距离及类平均法(UP-GMA)对6个供试样品进行聚类分析.结果表明:(1)6个样品都具有2条迁移率分别为0.62和0.66的酶带;(2)供试样品间共出现8种不同带型的酶谱表型差异显著,其中不同生境加拿大一枝黄花均聚成一组,显示其酶谱表型与生态型也一致,而栽培品种黄莺则单独成为1组.(3)加拿大一枝黄花与园艺栽培品种黄莺的亲缘关系较远.因此,采用酯酶同工酶测试方法,可以鉴别来自不同生境的加拿大一枝黄花及栽培品种黄莺.     

江西猕猴桃属植物POD同工酶研究

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，分析了江西野生猕猴桃20种或变种的叶片POD同工酶，并运用相似关系R-链连接法进行了模糊聚类分析。结果表明：(1)不同种间POD同工酶谱存在很大的差异；(2)POD同工酶有阶段性和相对稳定性，可运用于猕猴桃属植物的亲缘关系鉴定和初步分类；(3)模糊聚类反映了各分类群的亲缘关系，与传统依据形态分类提及的亲缘关系大体一致。本研究将江西猕猴桃属植物聚为4类，这与传统的分类方式并不一致，只有净果组的几个种成为单一类群，其余种或变种相互混杂。因此，认为现有的分类方法有待于进一步修订。     

Measurement of Biological Oxygen Demand （BOD） in Sewage Wastewater Using Modified Inoculums

[目的]分析4个飞蝗亚种间的系统发育关系。[方法]利用PCR扩增技术测定了西藏飞蝗（L.migratoria tibetensis）和东亚飞蝗（L.m.manilensis）细胞色素氧化酶3亚基基因序列（COⅠ1539bp、COⅡ684bp、COⅢ792bp,共计3015bp）,结合GenBank下载的亚洲飞蝗（L.m.migratoria）和非洲飞蝗（L.m.migratorioides）的细胞色素氧化酶3亚基基因序列进行综合分析。以云斑车蝗（G.marmoratus）为外群,通过邻接法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法重建4个飞蝗亚种的分子系统树。[结果]在碱基组成上,A＋T的平均含量为69.57%,4个飞蝗亚种的密码子第3位点A＋T含量最高,其中最高的是COⅠ（达87.6%）;4个飞蝗亚种中核苷酸替换主要发生在密码子第3位,COⅡ的核酸替代率最高,第2位点较为保守,替换率在5.9%～15%之间;COI的起始密码子是特殊的CCG或ACG;4个飞蝗亚种的遗传距离在0.001～0.076之间;飞蝗属中4个亚种之间的系统发育关系为东亚飞蝗和西藏飞蝗亲缘关系最近,亚洲飞蝗与东亚飞蝗、西藏飞蝗亲缘关系次之,非洲飞蝗与其余3个亚种的亲缘关系较远。[结论]该研究可为西藏飞蝗亚种地位的确定提供分子依据。