《机械制图》融合式教学模式在疫情下的实践1

面对突如其来的疫情,教师们主动担当、积极作为,“停课不停学”。应对疫情,学生学习环境复杂,必须认真思考,对课程进行教学改革势在必行。机械制图课程组研究分析了目前教学实情,在教学模式、教学方法和课程组织等进行一系列改革实践,将融合式教学模式应用于《机械制图》教学与助学,结合课程特点,应用网络线上教学模式,开展居家学习,实现课堂内外的融合,网络线上线下教学的融合。提高了学生自主学习,激发了学生积极思维和参与教学活动,教学效率和教学质量都取得了较好的效果。     

浑善达克沙地公路综合防护技术及其效益分析

浑善达克沙地省际通道综合防护体系包括:公路沙害快速治理和沙源控制技术及耐风沙植被建植技术。阻沙带、固沙带改变了风沙流结构,降低了输沙强度,增加了地表粗糙度,有效的起到了削弱风速,阻截流沙,控制沙丘前移,保持地表稳定的作用;建立稳定的耐风沙植被是持久固沙和生物防护的核心;首次大规模使用“固沙网”专利技术产品用于公路快速固沙保苗,实践证明采用固沙网与柳条立式沙障的组合固沙技术对于快速固沙和植被恢复的作用更加显著;并提出了公路沙害快速治理技术体系与配套的技术措施。项目实施过程中3年投入产出比为1∶2.6,通过公路沙害治理工程的实施,稳定防护10年的经济总收益为4.67亿元;如将挖方路堑段砂质陡坡用植物固沙措施代替传统石砌护面墙技术推广至其它工程,效益更为显著。该项目技术研究与工程建设紧密结合,操作性强,能快速有效治理荒漠化地区公路沙害,总结出了沙区公路、铁路沙害的治理模式,对于我国荒漠化治理有推广应用价值。     

中国水产养殖污染物排放总量控制框架构建

近10年来,中国水产养殖业快速发展,产量大幅增加,随着绿色养殖概念的提出和总量控制制度的不断完善,水产养殖污染物排放强度明显下降,水产养殖污染物排放总量控制工作已见成效.本研究分析了水产养殖环境污染的产生与排放情况;总结了中国近年来为实现水产养殖污染物排放总量控制目标,在优化养殖布局、控制养殖环境污染、发展健康养殖和开...     

基于Ecopath模型的海水池塘主要养殖模式比较分析

为了揭示台州温岭地区海水池塘不同养殖模式间的物质流动规律,以贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖2种模式的海水池塘为研究对象,基于EWE 6.5软件分别构建了14和15个功能组的Ecopath模型。结果显示,综合养殖模式第Ⅰ、Ⅱ营养级之间物质传输效率(52.1%)高于贝类单养模式(26.5%),同时其碎屑组的物质流通量占比(20.81%)也高于贝类单养模式(4.64%)。与贝类单养模式相比,综合养殖模式关键种从大型浮游动物转为凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),混合营养效益分析显示虾功能组主要对浮游生物和碎屑产生影响,导致浮游动物生态营养学效率(Ecotrophic efficiency, EE)升高,浮游植物EE值降低,而两种模式中贝类功能组混合营养效益未发生明显改变。贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖模式的Finn’s循环指数分别为2.75%和13.21%,系统连接指数分别为0.256和0.250,杂食指数分别为0.049和0.065,这表明由于综合养殖模式具有更完善的食物网,整体结构要优于单养模式,但两种模式整体成熟度和稳定性均较低,存在较大提升空间,可引入新功能组,以进一步提高系统稳...     

Site‐specific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha

Increasingly, weeds have been taking on global distributions. With the proliferation of invasive weeds has come the challenge of managing these species over broad geographical regions, with diverse habitats and political jurisdictions. Here, we review the management of Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae; mile‐a‐minute) throughout its invaded range, extending through most of the Pacific islands and southern and south‐east Asia. Context matters when determining the best course of action for managing M. micrantha, as it has invaded a large variety of agricultural and natural systems. In Queensland, Australia and Florida, USA, M. micrantha has been targeted in relatively successful eradication campaigns, highlighting the importance of early detection and rapid response methods, while elsewhere in its invaded range, populations are either still increasing or showing limited signs of decline. An inter‐regional approach to research and management should incorporate successful management strategies employed throughout the invaded range including, but not limited to, chemical and cultural control practices, manual and mechanical control, classical biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii, plant–plant competition and integrated approaches utilising two or more control methods concurrently. Additional knowledge of M. micrantha genetics is required to determine if management approaches could be fine‐tuned for particular populations. Countries bordering the Mekong River formed a network in 2011 to co‐ordinate the management of invasive species such as M. micrantha. Expanding such a collaborative approach to other regions could further reduce populations of M. micrantha and limit its spread.     

巴马县玉米黑毛虫发生特点及综合防治技术

通过连续三年实地对巴马县的玉米黑毛虫发生为害特点和发生成因进行分析,并系统调查研究,提出综合防治措施:农业防治;物理防治;药剂防治。     

基于IRT框架的乡村旅游协同发展机制研究 ——以山东省典型村为例

乡村旅游产业发展契合了乡村振兴战略的基本要求,以可持续发展视角关注乡村旅游业的多重价值,为乡村产业融合、经济发展和农民就业增收提供了持久动力。基于一体化乡村旅游(IRT)框架理论,以山东省乡村旅游典型村为研究对象,运用案例分析方法探究乡村旅游协同发展的内在基础与阶段特征,剖析乡村旅游协同发展的驱动机制与实现路径。结果表明,乡村旅游初始发展阶段依赖于资源内生性与利益共享性,市场化运作阶段强调组织化嵌入与规模化经营,快速扩张阶段关注社区赋权与内生性发展,持续发展阶段诉求利益均衡与合作共生。社区参与、多元赋权与价值认同,多利益相关者的参与、联合与协同,持续、有效的制度性供给与规范是乡村旅游协同发展的运行基础。但是,乡村旅游不同发展阶段面临着多元主体利益不均衡、资源内生性不足、乡土文化异化、社区赋权程度低和城乡要素流动不畅等问题与挑战。因此,提出合作网络构建与协作经营机制、多元主体的利益协调机制、乡村社会文化的保护与建构机制、资本嵌入与竞合机制等协同发展路径。     

The impacts of aquaculture development on food security: lessons from Bangladesh

Fish contribute a significant amount of animal protein to the diets of people in Bangladesh, about 63% of which comes from aquatic animals. In Bangladesh, fish is mainly derived from two sources: capture and culture. Aquaculture has shown tremendous growth in the last two decades, exhibiting by about 10% average annual growth in production. Capture fisheries, although still the major source of supply of fish, have become static or are in decline due to over‐fishing and environmental degradation, and it is now believed that aquaculture has the greatest potential to meet the growing demand for fish from the increasing population. At present, aquaculture production accounts for about one‐third of the total fish production in Bangladesh. This paper examines the impact of an aquaculture development project in Bangladesh on food security, with particular emphasis on the poor. The analysis shows a positive impact of aquaculture development on employment, income and consumption. A number of implications for policy in areas that might strengthen these outcomes are discussed and recommendations are presented.     

海水贝类养殖中的问题及对策

正近几年,海水养殖业规模迅速扩大,产量大幅度增加,养殖形势及前景良好。继藻类和虾类养殖产业发展高潮之后,贝类养殖已发展为世界最大规模的养殖产业,对沿海经济的发展发挥着重大作用。但由于养殖户发展养殖生产的积极性无度发挥,片面追求高产,重数量、轻管理,过多地消耗资     

养殖刺参保苗期重大疾病“腐皮综合征”病原及其感染源分析

2003～2005年冬、春季,山东省和辽宁省众多养殖区域的保苗期刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)暴发了较为严重的传染性疾病-"腐皮综合征".该病波及面广,传染性强,死亡率常高达90%以上.发病症状主要表现为厌食、摇头、肿嘴、排脏、身体萎缩、口部溃烂乃至体表大面积溃疡.本研究对症状较为典型的3家海参保苗期的发病幼参进行了详细的病原学分析,从所有病参的病灶组织分离得到了1种占有绝对优势的菌株,经人工感染实验证明它对健康刺参具有较强的致病性,且感染病参的症状与自然发病海参的症状相同.通过形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA分子生物学方法对该菌进行的分类鉴定表明,导致保苗期刺参"腐皮综合征"的致病菌是假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens).同时也对3家养殖场刺参保苗养殖系统进行了分析研究.结果表明,水源中细菌含量不高,为(0.8×102)～(1.2×102)cells/mL,其特征与病灶处优势菌不同;而饵料中细菌含量最高可达3.2×106 cells/mL.饵料、池水和池底污物的优势菌与病灶处优势菌基本一致,说明饵料可能是病原菌的主要来源.本研究首次揭示了"腐皮综合征"导致保苗期刺参大规模死亡的原因及其致病原,对刺参健康养殖和病害防治具有重要的指导意义.