云南烟蚜的抗药性差异研究初报

 用“浸渍法”检测了云南省7个烟区11个地方的烟蚜种群对有机磷类（50%甲胺磷乳油）、氨基甲酸酯类（90%万灵可湿性粉剂）及拟除虫菊酯类（2.5%功夫乳油）的抗性现状。结果表明,不同烟区的烟蚜对3种农药的抗性差异较大,丽江石古、丽江斜阳及丽江中果的烟蚜种群对3种农药的抗性最低,而大理巍山及楚雄菊花村等地的烟蚜种群对3种农药的抗性较其它地方高。不同地方的烟蚜种群对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯3大类农药均产生了不同程度的抗性。     

Tilapia Lake Virus was not detected in non-tilapine species within tilapia polyculture systems of Bangladesh

Sixteen countries, including Bangladesh, have reported the presence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV), an emerging tilapia pathogen. Fish polyculture is a common farming practice in Bangladesh. Some unusual mortalities reported in species co-cultivated with TiLV-infected tilapia led us to investigate whether any of the co-cultivated species would also test positive for TiLV and whether they were susceptible to TiLV infection under controlled laboratory experiments. Using 183 samples obtained from 15 farms in six districts across Bangladesh, we determined that 20% of the farms tested positive for TiLV in tilapia, while 15 co-cultivated fish species and seven other invertebrates (e.g. insects and crustaceans) considered potential carriers all tested negative. Of the six representative fish species experimentally infected with TiLV, only Nile tilapia showed the typical clinical signs of the disease, with 70% mortality within 12 days. By contrast, four carp species and one catfish species challenged with TiLV showed no signs of TiLV infection. Challenged tilapia were confirmed as TiLV-positive by RT-qPCR, while challenged carp and walking catfish all tested negative. Overall, our field and laboratory findings indicate that species used in polycultures are not susceptible to TiLV. Although current evidence suggests that TiLV is likely host-specific to tilapia, targeted surveillance for TiLV in other fish species in polyculture systems should continue, in order to prepare for a possible future scenario where TiLV mutates and/or adapts to new host(s).     

粘粒含量——夏季风的良好替代指标

通过对位于东亚季风区尾闾部位的沙沟剖面、东部半湿润区王官剖面、东部湿润区扣马剖面的气候代用指标的分析发现 ,黄土地层中 <5 μm的粘粒含量指标对各剖面中黄土-古土壤序列指示得比较清晰 ,可以较好地反映东亚夏季风的变化。对黄土地层中粘粒含量的测试及其环境意义分析以及与经典的东亚夏季风的替代指标———磁化率、红度指标 (a )的对比分析发现 ,粘粒含量指标的意义比较明确 ,适应范围更广 ,灵敏性也较高 ,是一比较可靠的、新的东亚夏季风的良好替代指标。     

Morphological disparities in the epidermal and anatomical features of the leaf among wild Brassica juncea populations

In the present article, we investigated the epidermal and anatomical features of 10 wild Brassica juncea populations with different susceptibilities to glyphosate in detail. The characteristics of the leaf surface and anatomy could affect the efficacy of glyphosate uptake in weeds through the influence of its adherence and penetration. Our results showed that herbicide-resistant wild populations generally had greater leaf thickness, adaxial cutin thickness, and trichome density in the upper epidermis, but lower spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle numbers, as compared with the susceptible populations, suggesting that differences in morphological traits among populations might contribute to their variable response to glyphosate. The possible morphological involvement in the differential susceptibility of wild B. juncea populations to glyphosate also was discussed.     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance

Vector-borne diseases are a global problem--a trend that may only increase if global temperature rises and demographic trends continue--and their economic and social impact are enormous. Insecticides play a vital role in the fight against these diseases by controlling the vectors themselves in order to improve public health; however, resistance to commonly used insecticides is on the rise. This perspective outlines the major classes of disease vector control agents and the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved, arguing that effective resistance management strategies must carefully monitor resistance in field populations and use combinations of the limited modes of action available to best effect. Moreover, the development of novel insecticide classes for control of adult mosquitoes and other vectors becomes increasingly important.     

4种杀虫剂对东方蜜1号抗性瓜蚜的防治效果

为了探究不同杀虫剂对东方蜜1抗性瓜蚜（黄蚜）的防治效果,开展了4种杀虫剂对东方蜜1号黄蚜的防治效果试验。结果表明,在供试浓度下,50g/L双丙环虫酯可分散液剂、46%氟啶·啶虫脒水分散粒剂、40%氟虫·乙多素水分散粒剂、50%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂对东方蜜1号瓜蚜的防治效果在87%以上,都可做为东方蜜1号瓜蚜的防治药剂。其中50g/L双丙环虫酯可分散液剂、46%氟啶·啶虫脒水分散粒剂、40%氟虫·乙多素水分散粒剂药后7d防效分别为95.73%±0.77、96.%±0.31、97.36%±1.27,防治效果出色。     

Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from infections in cats and dogs throughout Europe (2002–2009)

A monitoring program of the pre-treatment susceptibility of clinical isolates of bacteria from diseased dogs and cats was active between the years 2002 and 2009. Susceptibility of each isolated strain to a panel of nine antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, penicillin, clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was assessed. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin was also determined by a standardized microdilution technique following CLSI recommendations. In total, 1857 bacterial strains were collected throughout Europe from cases of otitis, respiratory, urinary and dermatological infections. Although bacterial susceptibility varied for each of the antibiotics within the panel, patterns of susceptibility were similar to those described in the literature for comparable time periods and geographical areas. With a clinical resistance varying from 0 to 14.48% against the isolated strains, marbofloxacin susceptibility was very high and remains an effective antibiotic for the treatment of otitis, urinary, respiratory and dermatological infections in companion animals.