在双低菜籽饼型日粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸡钙磷利用率的影响

在含10%双低菜籽饼的肉鸡日粮中添加600u/kg和700u/kg的植酸酶并取代一半的磷酸氢钙,观察植酸酶对肉鸡钙、磷利用率的影响。结果表明:添加600u/kg和700u/kg植酸酶的试2、3组较未添加植酸酶的试1组其钙和磷利用率分别提高7.08个百分点、9.85个百分点和10.97个百分点、12.13个百分点,植酸磷的利用率提高13.35个百分点、14.01个百分点,磷的排泄量下降10.90个百分点、13.30个百分点,差异显著(P<0.05)。证明在双低菜籽饼型日粮中添加植酸酶改进了钙、磷的利用率,而且还可取代一半的磷酸氢钙。     

Genetic mapping and utilization of quantitative trichome-mediated insect resistance in potato

Introgression of trichome-mediated insect resistance from the wild speciesSolanum berthaultii has become a major focus of the potato improvement program at Cornell University during the past twelve years. Several quantitative characters are involved in this resistance which is effective against a wide range of pest types. Correlative biochemical assays have been developed to assay specific components of the resistance, and the effects of the resistance on the target pests have been studied. Quantitative laboratory assays and specific measurements of insect behavior and biology have increased the precision of selection and enable the investigation of the genetic control of the resistance.We are currently using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for genetic mapping of factors controlling the trichome traits fromS. berthaultii. Backcrosses to both the wild and the cultivated species parents have been evaluated for phenotypes contributing to the resistance mechanism, including trichome density, sucrose ester and polyphenol oxidase production by the trichomes, and the enzymatic browning reaction responsible for insect entrapment. Genetic maps are being developed for these progenies, using RFLP markers previously mapped in potato. Field and greenhouse trials under insect infestations are also being conducted with the mapping progeny. Our goal is to locate genes responsible for quantitative insect resistance by correlating RFLP variation at mapped loci with the trichome phenotypes and insect resistance. Genetic markers for these traits will be useful in transfer of the effective wild chromosomal segments into and among tetraploid potatoes, and for a better understanding of the resistance mechanism.     

双低菜籽粕在饲料中的应用

双低菜籽粕具有高产优质的特点,其饲用品质优于普通菜籽粕,营养价值与豆粕相当,被广泛应用于饲料。为了更有效开发其对饲料业和养殖业的应用潜力,本文就双低菜籽粕的营养价值和在动物饲用方面进行的一系列的基础性研究作一简要介绍。     

Laboratory evaluation of the insect growth regulator lufenuron againstHelicoverpa armigera on cotton

An insect growth regulator (IGR), lufenuron (Match 5EC), was tested for its toxicity toHelicoverpa armigera on cotton. Potency of the IGR against the larval stage of the pest was demonstrated with respect to larval instars; the LC₉₀ values of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae were 5.63, 7.89, 8.03, 11.39 and 14.76 mg a.i.l ⁻¹, respectively. However, different larval instars did not differ significantly with respect to LC₅₀ and LC₁₀. IGR-treated larvae had swollen heads and were significantly smaller (1.5–2.3 mm) than the untreated control (2.9 mm). Larval weight was significantly reduced from 190 mg in the control to 50–70 mg in the lufenuron treatment. IGR treatment in the larval stage significantly affected both pupal length and pupal weight. Pupal duration of the test insect was significantly extended by IGR treatment. Pupal deformities, including an inability to shed the last larval skin and formation of larval-pupal intermediates, occurred following treatment. A significant reduction in adult emergence was recorded. In addition, abnormalities in the form of development of cavities in the forewings of adult were evident. A significant decline in fecundity was noted in the studies. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 3, 2003.     

黄花蒿粗提物对几种害虫拒食性的初步研究

以黄花镐为原料进行浸提，经生物活性测定，结果表明黄花蒿Artenisia annua L.粗提物对供试的6种害虫均具有拒食性。其中对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki、赤拟谷盗Thibolium castaneum Herbst、谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius拒食性极强，对棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover、棉红蜘蛛Tetranychus urticae Koch及豇豆荚螟Etiella zinckenella Treitschke 也具有较强的巨食性。使用黄花蒿粗提物时，以稀释500倍和800倍效果最好，处理与对照之间有极显著差异。     

磷化氢熏蒸处理对嗜卷书虱不同虫态的致死作用

实验室条件下系统研究了磷化氢(PH3)对储物害虫嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila卵、各龄若虫和成虫的致死作用,并选用PH3间歇熏蒸以及PH3与气调交替处理等措施对嗜卷书虱进行处理,比较了不同处理措施对嗜卷书虱种群的控制效果。结果表明,PH3熏蒸处理对嗜卷书虱各虫态有不同的致死效果。对卵而言,24、72和120 h熏蒸处理的LC50分别为0.137、0.045和0.035 mg/L;而24 h熏蒸处理对若虫的LC50在4.285~7.364 μg/L之间,对成虫的LC50为20.404 μg/L;采用25 μg/L的PH3进行24 h熏蒸处理,间隔10 d后再分别进行第2次和第3次熏蒸处理,可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。采用PH3 (12 μg/L)和气调(体积比例为35% CO2,1% O2,64% N2)交替处理能够延缓嗜卷书虱种群抗性的发展,交替处理3~5次可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。     

Leafhopper and planthopper vectors of rice viruses and their management in Nepal

Research on insect pests (including leafhoppers and planthoppers) in Nepal was initiated in 1956 by the Entomology Division and Plant Protection Units of the Department of Agriculture. More systematic work began after the establishment of a Rice Improvement Programme in 1972. Because of poor documentation and publication of research findings, it is difficult to assess the research efforts and achievements to date. The available research reports are mostly published in the proceedings of national seminars/workshops. They are used here to assess the current status of research on the occurrence and damage caused, distribution and composition, relative abundance, biology and management through chemicals. Much of past research has focused on insect surveys by light traps and sweep nets and the evaluation of insecticides and, since early 1990, some research on rice green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix nigropictus) has begun to determine their relative abundance and population characteristics in relation to their potential as vectors of rice viruses. The challenges to pest management in general and some suggestions for future research needs are discussed, based on the present standing of agricultural research in the country     

丙硫磷控制稻瘟病的作用方式及应用技术

经１９９３－１９９５年生物测定和田间多点试验示范发现；１．丙硫磷对稻瘟菌孢子萌发和附着胞形成有显著的抑制活性，ＥＣ５０为１０３．３ｍｈ／Ｌ，５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的抑菌率达９６．２％；２．丙硫磷１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ对水稻苗叶瘟和穗瘟的预防效果分别为７９．４％和９０．７％，治疗效果分别为３９．３％和４１．８％；３丙硫磷６００－９００ｇ／ｈｍ＾２防治双季稻和瓜后稻穗瘟病的田间小区效果分别为７０．８％－８０．２％和     

以甜菜粕取代小麦的全混合颗粒饲料对羔羊瘤胃pH值的影响

本试验选用24只3-3.5月龄的波德代(♂)×蒙古羊(♀)和陶赛特(♂6)×蒙古羊(♀)杂交一代羔羊,按2×2×2因子设计,研究了两个营养水平下以高果胶的甜菜粕取代小麦的全混合颗粒饲料对两种羔羊瘤胃pH值的影响。结果表明,低营养水平组的pH值显著高于高营养水平组(P=0.015);食后4 h(P-0.019)、6 h(P=0.009)的pH值在营养水平和饲料间存在互作,高营养水平组,小麦组羔羊的瘤胃液pH高于甜菜粕组,而低营养水平组、甜菜粕组的pH高于小麦组;羊品种对pH值无影响。     

甘蓝多酚氧化酶的生物化学性质及其杀虫剂的诱导作用

采用时间动力学法,在研究了甘蓝多酚氧化酶的最适反应条件的基础上,对有机溶剂和杀虫剂对多酚氧化酶活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:甘蓝多酚氧化酶反应的最适pH值为6.4,最适反应温度为55℃;丙酮和乙醇对多酚氧化酶活性有明显的激活作用;高效氯氰菊酯、灭多威和辛硫磷以及小菜蛾和桃蚜取食的胁迫会对多酚氧化酶的活性产生影响。