壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肉品质的影响

试验旨在探讨壳聚糖对鸡肉品质的影响.试验选用了体重相近的健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡(公)120只,随机分成5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复6只鸡.在各组基础饲料中分别添加0、50、100、150mg·kg-1的壳聚糖,第5组在基础日粮中添加6mg·kg-1黄霉素,试验期42d.结果表明,肉仔鸡日粮中添加不同水平的壳聚糖,鸡肉...     

Nucleoside by‐product dietary supplementation influences blood chemistry,immune response,oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of juvenile amberjack,Seriola dumerili

We explored the influence of nucleoside by‐products (NBP) on blood chemistry, immune response, oxidative stress and intestinal morphology of Seriola dumerili. Four experimental diets were formulated where diets 1–3 are semipurified and supplemented with liquid NBP at concentration of 0 (D1, negative control), 30 (D2) and 90 (D3) g/kg. Diet 4 (D4) is a fishmeal‐based positive control diet. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish for 50 days. The results revealed a significant influence of NBP supplementations on total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen and triglyceride level. Lysozyme activity (LA), total serum protein (TSP) and peroxidase activity (PA) also increased with NBP supplementation as compared to the negative control. TSP, PA and LA were numerically higher in diet groups D2 and D4, respectively. Anterior enterocyte height (hE) was higher in diet group D4, while NBP‐supplemented groups showed intermediate values with D1 group and negative control group showed significantly lowest value. Supplementation of NBP also increased anterior fold height (hF) and microvillus height and posterior hF, hE and microvillus height compared with D1. Finally, we concluded that NBP can be used as a cheaper nucleotide/nucleoside source for amberjack. Supplementation of more than 30 g/kg in diets improved blood chemistry, non‐specific immunity, oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of amberjack.     

肌苷酸合成酶系PURH基因对苏禽乌骨鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量的关联分析

在分析氨基咪唑氨甲酰核苷酸转甲酰基酶/次黄嘌呤核苷酸环水解酶基因(fused IMP cyclohydrolasegene/phosohoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase PURH)对苏禽乌骨鸡鸡群体肌肉肌苷酸含量的遗传效应。采用PCR-SSCP方法检测苏禽乌骨鸡PURH基因外显子9和外显子16多态性,分析多态位点不同基因型与90日龄胸肌肌苷酸(IMP)含量的关联,各种基因型与胸肌IMP含量的方差分析结果表明:PURH基因外显子16中多态位点T17446C与IMP含量显著相关,TT型个体胸肌IMP含量较CT型高出0.757 mg/g,TT型个体胸肌IMP含量较CC型高出1.083 mg/g,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),CT型个体IMP含量也显著地高于CC型(P<0.05)。因此,可以利用该基因型对鸡的肉质风味性状进行标记辅助选择。     

Inosine supplementation effectively provokes the growth,immune response,oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of juvenile red sea bream,Pagrus major

A feeding trial was conducted to determine effects of dietary inosine on growth, immune responses, oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of juvenile red sea bream. A semi‐purified basal diet supplemented with 0 (D1, control), 2 g kg^?1 (D2), 4 g kg^?1 (D3), 6 g kg^?1 (D4) and 8 g kg^?1 (D5) dietary inosine, respectively, to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight: 8 g). After 50 days of feeding trial, fish fed diets with 4 g kg^?1 inosine had the highest (p < .05) final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate. Similarly, improved feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also found at 4 g kg^?1 inosine supplemented group. Some non‐specific immune parameters such as total serum protein, lysozyme activity and bactericidal activity tended to be higher for fish fed diets supplemented with inosine. Peroxidase and catalase activity also influenced (p < .05) by dietary inosine supplementation. Fish fed 2 g kg^?1 and 4 g kg^?1 inosine supplemented diets showed the least oxidative stress condition. Inosine supplementation significantly increased (p < .05) anterior enterocyte height and posterior fold height, enterocyte height and microvillus height compared with control. We concluded that 4 g kg^?1 dietary inosine supplementation effectively provokes growth and health performance of red sea bream by increasing growth, immune response, oxidative stress resistance and intestinal health condition.     

饲料中L-肉碱对斑节对虾肌肉中肌苷酸含量的影响

选用平均体重为(8.25±1.18) g的池塘养殖斑节对虾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个水泥池(100 cm×100 cm×100 cm)养虾60尾,分别投喂添加0、50、100和200 mg/kg L-肉碱的配合饲料4周.在实验的第0、1、2、3、4周分别从每个重复中随机取样,测定肌肉中的肌苷酸含量,研究L-肉碱对斑节对虾肌肉风味的影响.结果显示,1周后,实验组对虾肌肉肌苷酸含量均有所提高,其中50 mg/kg的实验组肌苷酸含量比对照组高27.39%(P＜0.05);2周后50 mg/kg的实验组比对照组高15.85% (P＜0.05),随着肉碱添加浓度升高对虾肌肉中肌苷酸含量呈下降趋势;3、4周后,实验组肌苷酸含量均比对照组低,呈现明显的负相关.与野生斑节对虾相比,池塘养殖对虾肌苷酸含量均比野生的低,但使用实验配制的饲料养殖4周后的对照组则与其有接近趋势.     

饲养方式和饲喂水平对鸡肉肌苷酸含量及肉质的影响

研究了不同饲养方式和饲喂水平对“广西黄”黄羽肉鸡肉质的影响。结果表明，放养（饲喂水平为对照组的50%）肉鸡的骨纤维直径显著增大，密度减小，肌肉脂肪含量明显升高；肌肉肌苷酸、硫胺素含量亦显著升高。     

N6-(6-氨基己基)-5′-磷酸腺苷的合成

由肌苷开始经五步合成出Ｎ６－（６－氮基己基）－５’－磷酸腺苷。对６－氯－９β－Ｄ－呋喃核糖嘌呤的合成进行了改进。１，６－己二胺同６－氯－９β－Ｄ呋喃核糖嘌呤－５’－磷酸发生取代反应，合成出Ｎ６－（６－氮基己基）－５′－磷酸腺苷，基于核苷的总产率约７０％。     

Effect of 5′‐inosine monophosphate (IMP) and 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (GMP) on the growth,immunity and muscle composition of turbot,Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)

We evaluated the effect of different concentrations of 5′‐inosine monophosphate (IMP) and 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (GMP) on the growth, immunity and muscle composition of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Eight diets (containing no IMP or GMP, or 0.5 g/kg IMP, 1.0 g/kg IMP, 2.0 g/kg IMP, 0.5 g/kg GMP, 1.0 g/kg GMP, 2.0 g/kg GMP, or 0.5 g/kg IMP plus 0.5 g/kg GMP) were prepared. A total of 360 fish (average body weight of 105 g) were randomly selected and placed in groups into 24 plastic aquaria (8 treatments × 3 replicates × 15 individuals per plastic aquaria). The tanks were maintained at the temperature of 15 ± 2°C. The experimental diets were fed for 60 days. The specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly higher in S. maximus fed with IMP or GMP compared with fish fed neither IMP nor GMP. The highest SGR was observed in fish fed with 1.0 g/kg IMP. Supplementation with these dietary nucleotides had a positive, but not significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. There was a significant difference in the moisture and crude lipid content of muscle from S. maximus fed the different diets compared with control fish. The highest moisture content was 83.44 for a diet of 0.5 g/kg IMP plus 0.5 g/kg GMP, which was also significantly higher when compared to fish fed alternative diets. The crude lipid content of S. maximus fed diets containing either IMP or GMP was significantly higher than those fed diets without IMP or GMP. Thus, according to these results, the optimal level of dietary IMP is 1.0 g/kg, which correlates with the largest increase in growth performance of S. maximus.     

扬州鹅及其杂交配套组合肉用仔鹅肌肉中氨基酸和肌苷酸含量的比较

为了比较扬州鹅及其杂交组合肉用仔鹅肌肉中氨基酸和肌苷酸（IMP）含量,试验以扬州鹅（A×A、B×B）及其4个杂交配套组合（B♂×A♀、K♂×A♀、D♂×A♀和C♂×A♀）共6个群体的肉用仔鹅分别作为对照组和试验组,采用氨基酸自动分析仪、高效液相色谱仪测定肌肉中氨基酸和IMP的含量。结果表明,公鹅胸肌中,除谷氨酸（Glu）、丙氨酸（Ala）、总氨基酸（TAA）、必需氨基酸（EAA）、鲜味氨基酸（DFAA）外,其他氨基酸含量在各组间均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;各试验组一磷酸腺苷（AMP）、IMP含量均显著高于对照组A×A （P<0.05）。公鹅腿肌中各组间天冬氨酸（Asp）、Glu含量存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;试验组C×A、K×A肌苷（INO）含量均显著高于两对照组（P<0.05）。母鹅胸肌中各组间甘氨酸（Gly）、甲硫氨酸（Met）、精氨酸（Arg）含量存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;试验组K×A IMP含量显著高于两对照组（P<0.05）。母鹅腿肌中各组间Asp、Glu、Met、Arg含量均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;试验组K×A IMP、IMPc含量均显著高于对照组A×A （P<0.05）。公、母鹅胸肌中次黄嘌呤（HYP）含量试验组C×A显著高于对照组A×A （P<0.05）,试验组B×A AMP含量显著高于两对照组 （P<0.05）。公、母平均腿肌中各组间Ala含量存在显著差异（P<0.05）;试验组K×A、D×A AMP含量均显著高于两对照组（P<0.05）。由此可见,扬州鹅杂交配套组合在一定程度上提高了肌肉中氨基酸和肌苷酸含量,改善了肉品质。