生物质燃气冷热电联供系统性能分析

为提高能源的利用效率,缓解传统能源短缺及其利用过程中带来的环境问题,设计了一种以内燃机为驱动装置的生物质燃气冷热电联供系统,对其能量流程进行了分析,并以北京市某面积为10 000 m2的宾馆为例,对该系统在热跟随和电跟随两种运行模式下的设备选型、燃料消耗量和补电量以及能效、经济和排放性能进行了分析比较。通过比较可知,联供系统在电跟随模式下比在热跟随模式下的一次能源利用率高4.3%,缩短投资回收期1.4年,但少减排254.9 t CO2。因此,该生物质气冷热电联供系统在热跟随模式下的环境效益较好,在电跟随模式下的能源效益和经济效益更佳。     

Assessment of plastic ingestion by pole-caught pelagic predatory fish from O'ahu,Hawai'i

1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.

     

伏天灌水覆膜对土温变化及西瓜枯萎病防治

为探明南方伏天灌水覆膜土温变化特点,2004和2005年伏天,对连作大棚西瓜地灌水后畦面覆盖不同颜色、不同层数的塑料薄膜与土温变化特点和防治西瓜枯萎病（Fusariurn oxysporurn f. sp.niveum）的关系作了研究,结果表明,灌水覆膜能明显增加表土下5～20 cm土层的温度,增温幅度达10～15℃（同露地相比）;增温效果以双层白膜最好,单层白膜次之。单层白膜覆盖l0 d后其土表下5～20 cm土层的温度全天可维持40℃以上。大棚内灌水覆盖单层白膜25 d以上对第一茬连作西瓜枯萎病防效达     

紫花苜蓿幼苗耐盐性的近红外光谱鉴定

紫花苜蓿幼苗耐盐性快速鉴定对于耐盐种质资源筛选和耐盐新品种选育具有重要意义。脯氨酸和丙二醛是表征植物耐盐性的两种重要生化指标。研究应用便携式近红外仪和近红外光谱分析技术,结合偏最小二乘回归法,研究了40个不同紫花苜蓿品种幼苗耐盐性的脯氨酸和丙二醛含量,建立了新鲜样品和干燥样品的近红外漫反射光谱定量分析模型。研究结果表明：脯氨酸、丙二醛的近红外漫反射光谱分析效果均较好,校正模型决定系数R2 和验证集样品预测值与常规分析测定值的验证决定系数r2都大于0.85,两种样品脯氨酸的相对分析误差RPD值分别为1.72     

基于稳态空间分辨光谱的猪肉肌红蛋白检测方法

The objective of this work was to determine the concentration of myoglobin in fresh pork meat and establish a fast non-invasive method using steady spatially-resolved spectroscopy (SRS). The concentration of myoglobin was calculated based on absorbance coefficients at 640, 760, 800, 850 nm. The results showed that the value of myoglobin using SRS was significantly correlated (r2=0.955) to traditional methods with the accuracy of 3.6%F.S. The results showed that the concentration of myoglobin can be measured by using near infrared steady spatially-resolved spectroscopy.     

新农村住宅中太阳能采暖研究

结合新农村住宅用综合能源价格法对太阳能地板采暖与常规热源进行经济效益对比,还对太阳能采暖进行节能效益分析、环保效益分析,得出太阳能采暖在新农村建设中值得推广的结论。     

浅谈低温地板辐射采暖的应用

低温热水地板辐射采暖是在埋设于地板内的加热盘管内循环低温热水,利用温水的散热量来加热采暖房间的地板,以房间的整个地板作为散热面,实现向房间辐射采暖的一种供暖方式。它具有舒适、节能、隔音、节省室内空间、使用寿命长等优点。     

有限半气化层燃锅炉的综合特性及节能预测

根据有限半气化燃烧的试验研究结果，讨论了有限半所化燃烧过程的主要特性，提出了层燃锅炉有限半气化燃烧节能的预测模型，并根据试验结果对模型加以检验。     

ND—903杀菌混剂分析方法及热贮稳定性的研究

采用标准分析方法,分别测定了ND—903中的三乙膦酸铝和百菌清的含量,并进行了热贮稳定性的研究。试验结果表明,采用碘量法和气相色谱法分别测定ND—903中有效成分含量的分析方法可行。准确度(99.4％～101.4％)和精确度(S_x=0.36,CV=0.44％)符合要求,ND—903中两种主要有效成分热稳定性较高,相对分解率2.79％。与其组成的单剂相对分解率(三乙膦酸铝1.06％,百菌清0.44％)差异不显著。ND—903热贮前后悬浮率分别是82.6％和76.9％     

复合地板生产工艺

复合地板是极具竞争力的新型内装饰材料，本文介绍了复合地板的特性及生产工艺，着重阐述了表板侧向预先胶合三层板坯结构常规加热生产工艺与表板在压机内挤紧五层板坯结构高频加热生产工艺二者的区别。