用超声波法使烟草花叶病毒侵染烟草细胞的研究

 本文首次采用超声波法把烟草花叶病毒(TMV)粒子导入带壁烟草细胞,建立病毒-细胞高效侵染体系。将烟草细胞置于含TMV粒子的缓冲液中,用声强为0.5 W/cm²的脉冲超声波处理5 min,培养48 h后使用荧光免疫法检测烟草细胞转染率为59.7%。经酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测,TMV粒子在烟草细胞体内增殖48 h后达到高峰。电镜观察细胞体内有大量的TMV粒子。用枯斑寄主法测定表明TMV子代有较高的致病力。     

Induction of Resistance in Mustard (Brassica juncea) against Alternaria Black Spot with an Avirulent Alternaria brassicae Isolate-D

Resistance in susceptible mustard cv. PR-15 against the highly virulent A. brassicae isolate A (AbA) and moderately virulent isolate C (AbC) was induced using an avirulent Alternaria brassicae isolate D (AbD). The induction of resistance due to AbD against AbA or AbC resulted in significant reduction in disease severity. The A. alternata (Aa) failed to induce resistance against AbA and AbC, on the contrary it induced susceptibility against them.     

Positive correlation between Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), are able to raise a protective immune response against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (AS) following injection vaccination with commercial vaccines containing formalin‐killed bacteria, but the protection is often suboptimal under Danish mariculture conditions. We elucidated whether protection can be improved by increasing the concentration of antigen (formalin‐killed bacteria) in the vaccine. Rainbow trout juveniles were vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with a bacterin of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain 090710‐1/23 in combination with Vibrio anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2a supplemented with an oil adjuvant. Three concentrations of AS antigens were applied. Fish were subsequently challenged with the homologous bacterial strain administered by perforation of the tail fin epidermis and 60‐s contact with live A. salmonicida bacteria. The infection method proved to be efficient and could differentiate efficacies of different vaccines. It was shown that protection and antibody production in exposed fish were positively correlated to the AS antigen concentration in the vaccine.     

Biochemical changes and tissue distribution of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in naturally and experimentally EHP‐infected whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), in India

Stunted growth in pond‐reared Litopenaeus vannamei was observed in different farms located in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, India. No mortality was associated with stunted growth. PCR assay on these samples revealed the presence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in stunted shrimp. Tissue distribution of EHP in naturally and experimentally infected shrimp was studied by PCR and histology. Histological examination revealed the presence of EHP in hepatopancreas and gut, but not in other organs. The PCR assay revealed the presence of EHP in all the organs tested in both naturally and experimentally infected shrimp. Healthy shrimp were challenged with E. hepatopenaei by intramuscular injection and oral route, and no mortality was observed in both routes after 30 days post‐challenge. Different developmental stages of the microsporidian parasite were observed in the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells. Biochemical parameters such as total protein, albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase were measured in the haemolymph of naturally and experimentally EHP‐infected shrimp. All biochemical parameters mentioned were found to be significantly higher in EHP‐infected shrimp when compared to normal shrimp. This is the first report relating AST and ALT levels to EHP infection in naturally and experimentally infected shrimp.     

Epidermal response of the Japanese eel to environmental stress

Nonspecific responses of Japanese eels to environmental stress were monitored by assaying various lytic activities in eel epidermal extract. In fish maintained at 10 and 30 °C for up to 10 days, epidermal proteolytic activities due to serine protease and aminopeptidase and hemolytic activity varied within a 2-fold value range. Other proteolytic activities, due to cathepsins B and L, in the fish at 30 °C increased for up to 8 days and were 3.4 and 2.9-fold over those in fish maintained at 10 °C, respectively. This was accompanied by a 3.0-fold increase in bacteriolytic activity. Other forms of stress were exerted on the fishes by immersing them in a suspension of Flavobacterium columnare or giving them intraperitoneal injections of Edwardsiella tarda over 72 h. Although serine protease and aminopeptidase activities and hemolytic activity in the fishes exposed to F. columnare changed marginally, and were similar to those in the control fish, cathepsins B and L activities in the infected fishes increased more than 1.5-fold over their initial values over a 48 h period, along with a 4.5-fold increase in bacteriolytic activity. No marked change was detected in any of the lytic activities of the fishes exposed to E. tarda. These findings indicate that epidermal cathepsins B and L probably participate in bacteriolysis associated with Japanese eel skin and that their activities are elicited by environmental stimuli and may be an important nonspecific response of eels. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; MCA – 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide.     

常山散效力试验用虫株的敏感性

为进一步验证常山散的抗球虫效果以及效力试验用虫株的敏感性,在百球清为对照的基础上,对效力试验用虫株再次以三字球虫粉为对照进行试验.试验分为常山散组、三字球虫粉组、攻虫不给药组和不攻虫不给药组,分别从攻虫后24 h(球虫入侵)和72 h(裂殖发育)开始给药,攻虫后168 h停止给药,观察药物对鸡临床症状、血便排出、盲肠病...     

Pathogenicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from apparently healthy rabbits in guinea pig,rat, and mouse

Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) is associated with respiratory tract infections in laboratory animals. In our laboratory animal facility, B. bronchiseptica was isolated from 21 of 27 apparently healthy rabbits obtained from a breeding farm contaminated with B. bronchiseptica. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis showed that the flagellin genotype of isolates from the laboratory animal facility and breeding farm was type A, which is seen relatively frequently in rabbits in Europe. To examine its pathogenicity, guinea pigs, rats, and mice were inoculated intranasally with a representative strain isolated in the laboratory animal facility. Following inoculation of 10⁷ colony forming unit (cfu), severe inflammation was observed in the lungs of guinea pig and mice, although the inflammation was less severe in rats. The strain was recovered from the trachea and lungs of these species after inoculation with lower dose such as 10³ or 10⁴ cfu. These results suggest that the isolated strain causes respiratory tract infection in guinea pigs, rats, and mice, and that its pathogenicity higher in mice than in rats. This study extends our knowledge of interpreting the microbiologic status of laboratory animals, which will contribute to the development of reliable and reproducible animal experiments.     

甲鱼“红脖子病”的研究

对某甲鱼养殖场1987年2～6月流行的甲鱼“红脖子病”进行了流行病学、临床,病理学、病原学、血清学等项检查,证明该病是由嗜水气单胞菌嗜水亚种所引起,故命名为甲鱼嗜水气单胞菌感染。     

猪衣原体病的调查

1986-2002年从全国17个省部分猪场收集猪血清17448份,用间接血凝试验（IHA）检测猪衣原体抗体,其中青海猪衣原体抗体阳性检出率为33.3%和42.9%,四川11.5%和80.0%,新疆22.2%,陕西38.0%。广西21.2%。云南24.5%。广东50.2%。甘肃42.2%和36.0%。河南35.1%和18.2%。宁夏15.1%,海南38.2%,湖北37.5%,湖南16.7%。江西50.0%,辽宁43.2%。黑龙江77.1%,吉林20.5%。并从一些省区所采的流产胎儿,流产母猪阴道拭子,仔猪肺炎死亡病例病料分离到鹦鹉热衣原体。从东北三省猪群检出衣原体抗体在国内属首次报道。