Facilitated ankylosis of a juvenile,flexurally deformed,open, luxated and infected metacarpophalangeal joint using an alternative approach

A 4‐day‐old Arabian filly was referred for severe lameness due to a flexurally deformed, open, luxated and infected metacarpophalangeal joint. Arthrodesis was indicated as progressive cartilage destruction and osteomyelitis developed. An alternative arthrodesis technique was employed, which consisted of a loop of cerclage wire running through predrilled holes in a lateromedial direction and dorsal to the central axis of the third metacarpal bone and proximal phalanx, in combination with external coaptation using a half‐limb transfixation cast. Ankylosis was radiographically confirmed after 4 weeks. The foal was discharged from the hospital with a grade 1 out of 5 lameness and a 6–7° valgus deviation of the ankylosed metacarpophalangeal joint. At telephone follow‐up after 18 months, the owner reported persistence of the valgus deviation, soundness at walk, and a slight gait irregularity at trot. The described cerclage wire arthrodesis technique is a relatively simple method for attaining ankylosis that could be considered in similar cases.     

应用RT-POR对胶东规模鸡场三种病毒感染情况的调查

为了解2009下半年山东胶东地区规模化鸡场主要疫病的感染情况,应用RT-PCR技术对山东青岛、潍坊和烟台三地区送检的774份具有呼吸道症状的病料进行了新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)和H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)三种主要病毒的感染情况调查。调查结果显示三个地区三种病毒的感染率为25.58%,NDV、IBV和AIV(H9)的阳性率分别为8.14%、11.37%和6.07%。青岛地区NDV、IBV的阳性率均最高,分别为12.47%、14.55%。二种病毒混合感染的阳性率可达2.84%,以IBV+NDV二重混合感染临床最为常见。调查结果表明山东省胶东地区NDV、IBV和AIV(H9)的感染情况比较普遍,且存在一定程度的混合感染,这为有效预防和控制山东省规模鸡场该三种主要疾病提供了科学依据。     

植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,以探讨植物乳杆菌作为生长促进剂及疾病治疗剂的可能性及其适宜的添加剂量.采用2×3复因子试验设计,即大肠杆菌O78攻毒与未攻毒2个处理和植物乳杆菌3个添加水平(0、0.8‰、1.6‰),选用180只AA肉鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只.试验期42 d,分为前期(1~21 d)和后期(22~42 d).结果表明,攻毒后1~42日龄肉鸡平均日增重(ADG)显著降低(P <0.05),料重比(F/G)显著升高(P <0.05),同时21日龄肉鸡血清AST、ALT、ALP和BUN水平显著升高(P <0.05),TP、GLB水平显著降低(P <0.05),42日龄肉鸡血清ALB、AST、ALT和ALP水平显著升高(P <0.05);日粮中添加植物乳杆菌能提高1~42日龄肉鸡ADG,降低ADFI、F/G,同时可显著提高21日龄攻毒肉鸡血清TP、ALB、GLU水平及42日龄攻毒肉鸡血清TP、GLB水平(P <0.05),显著降低21日龄攻毒肉鸡血清ALP、BUN水平及42日龄攻毒肉鸡血清ALT、ALP、BUN水平(P <0.05);攻毒因素与植物乳杆菌水平因素二者的互作效应对后期(22~42 d)肉鸡F/G有显著影响(P <0.05),对21日龄肉鸡血清ALB、GLU、ALP及42日龄肉鸡血清ALT、ALP有极显著影响(P <0.01).综上所述,植物乳杆菌能提高肉鸡的生长性能,改善血液生化指标,且添加1.6‰植物乳杆菌的总体效果均优于0.8‰的添加量,可以考虑将其作为一种新型的替代抗生素的微生态制剂.     

Implications of bacterial contaminated seed lots and endophytic colonization by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae on rice establishment

The economic impact of seedborne bacterial diseases on rice production provides a major motivation for research on seed health. This paper reports on the endophytic growth of a rifampicin‐marked strain of the seedborne rice pathogen Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. The bacterium was found in most tested seeds indicating that, even without visible discolouration, seed transmission is possible. Crushed discoloured seeds contained more bacterial cells than did non‐crushed discoloured seeds. These bacteria were released during seed soaking, contaminating clean seed and lowering seed germination. Cells of a rifampicin‐resistant strain of P. fuscovaginae, which had been inoculated onto rice seeds, were subsequently recovered from different growth stages and from different rice tissues, thereby indicating endophytic colonization. These results have implications for seedling establishment, as symptomless seeds do not assure disease‐free seeds, and the presence of seedborne bacteria results in poor germination and poor seedling establishment. Elimination of seedborne bacteria by soaking in sodium hypochlorite can increase seed germination. This could be used in developing control strategies, and, if practised regularly, reduce entry of seedborne disease‐causing organisms into crops, resulting in lower disease pressure.     

An experimental means of transmitting pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fry in freshwater

A challenge model for pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. fry, was developed comparing two salmonid alphavirus (SAV) subtypes: SAV1 and SAV5. Viral doses of 3 × 10⁵ TCID₅₀ mL⁻¹ for SAV1 and 3 × 10⁴ for SAV5 were tested in triplicate tanks, each containing 450 salmon fry. Cumulative mortalities of 1.2% were recorded. Titres of virus recovered from the mortalities ranged from 10² to 10⁷ TCID₅₀ mL⁻¹. Fry were sampled at 3, 5 and 7.5 weeks post-challenge. Sampling after 3 weeks revealed a high prevalence of infection in the absence of clinical signs, and infectious virus was recovered from 80% and 43% of sampled fry infected with SAV1 and SAV5, respectively. After 5 weeks pancreas, heart and red skeletal muscle lesions were generally observed, whilst degeneration in white skeletal muscle was observed only in fish infected with SAV1. In situ hybridisation confirmed the presence of viral genome in infected pancreas, heart and muscle. After 7.5 weeks, infectious virus (both isolates) was recovered from 13.3% of the fish sampled, with a viral titre of 10² TCID₅₀ mL⁻¹. Clearly, salmon fry are susceptible to SAV infection and pancreas disease.     

芒果细菌性黑斑病菌在不同场所的存活期

选择芒果细菌性黑斑病菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.mangiferaeindicae,Xcm)抗利福平菌株RifXcm,通过人工模拟接种试验,采用半选择性平板分离、菌落PCR和常规PCR方法,研究该病原细菌在芒果叶片、土壤和水中的存活期,并对其能否作为侵染源进行了评价。结果表明,芒果细菌性黑斑病菌在芒果叶片病斑内可存活5~6个月,是此病发生最主要的侵染源。病原菌在土壤和自然水中的存活期有限,其中以含芒果残体土壤中的病原菌存活期最长(49~63d),但也没有超过3个月,因此年前存在于这些场所的病原菌均不可能成为第2年的初侵染源。     

浙江省水稻品种抗稻曲病自然诱发鉴定初步研究

在浙江省金华县稻曲病重发病区,对113个水稻品种进行了田间自然诱发抗性鉴定。结果表明:以稻曲病平均病级(X)为指标,X=0级、0级X≤Ⅰ级、Ⅰ级X≤Ⅱ级、Ⅱ级X≤Ⅲ级、Ⅲ级X≤Ⅳ级、Ⅳ级X≤Ⅴ级的品种数分别占品种总数的33.62%、20.35%、15.92%、8.84%、13.27%和7.96%。常规籼稻、常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和杂交粳稻,不发病或轻发病(平均病级小于Ⅰ级)的发生频率分别为100%、66.67%、54.04%和0%;重发病(平均病级大于Ⅲ级)的发生频率分别为0%、4.16%、20.26%和90.00%;粳稻发病明显重于籼稻,杂交稻明显重于常规稻,杂交粳稻发病最重。     

PRRSV SC-1株在人工感染仔猪体内的分布

为研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在感染猪体内各器官组织的分布,用PRRSV SC-1株人工感染健康断奶仔猪,接毒后23 d,无菌采集试验猪器官组织,用RT-PCR检测其中病毒核酸分布情况。结果显示,心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、支气管淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结、腹股沟淋巴结、髂内淋巴结内有病毒核酸,在所有试验猪的肺脏、腹股沟淋巴结都检测到了病毒核酸。本研究结果为PRRS诊断及病毒分离鉴定提供了一定参考依据。