高等植物启动子功能和结构研究进展

 启动子是控制植物基因表达的重要DNA序列结构,文章简述了启动子的定义、分类和启动子的研究策略。并着重从组成型启动子、组织特异型启动子和诱导型启动子3个方面介绍了它们的功能和结构的研究现状。提出了植物基因工程中启动子研究存在的问题与展望。     

合成丙氨瑞林(Alarelin)纯度对蟾蜍排卵生物活性的影响

采用蟾蜍活体排卵生物检测,对分子肽含量15%~45%丙氨瑞林促排卵活性进行研究。结果显示:35%~45%、25%~35%、15%~25%丙氨瑞林使蟾蜍平均产卵率83.3%、78.8%、69.6%,统计分析组间呈显著差异((P<0.05))。结果表明:分子肽含量越高促排卵活性越稳定。     

奶牛宫颈粘液CMPx,CMEC与发情及排卵的关系

选取３０头健康黑白花奶牛，在发情期不同时间测定宫颈粘液过氧化物酶（ＣＭＰｘ）的活性及电导率（ＣＭＥＣ），以探讨ＣＭＰｘ、ＣＭＥＣ与发情及排卵的关系。结果表明，ＣＭＰｘ在卵泡成熟期明显下降，与卵泡初期及排卵初期的酶活性差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＣＭＥＣ在卵泡初期、卵泡成熟期及排卵初期变化不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。本研究提示，ＣＭＰｘ在奶牛发情期有特定的变化规律，可以作为预告排卵的指标     

Onset of luteal activity in non-foaling mares during the early breeding season in Finland.

The luteal activity in mares was studied in the Equine Research Station (ERS) and in trotting stables (TS) in South-Finland. The mares were Standardbreeds in the TS and mainly Finnhorses in the ERS. Between January and June blood was collected once a week for serum progesterone determinations. The mares in the ERS were distributed in 1 of 3 groups: three-years old not yet in training (N = 38), brood mares (N = 21) and mares in training (N = 47). A 4th group was the mares in training in the trotting stables (N = 73). Every 5th mare in the ERS and every 4th mare in the trotting stables were cycling already at the beginning of the year. Onset of luteal activity in anoestrous mares was most common in the middle of May. Over 95% of the mares were cycling at the beginning of June. In the ERS 40% of the Finnhorse mares in training were cycling through the winter. The three-years old and the brood mares were all anoestrous during winter. They started to cycle on average before the middle of May. Anoestrous training mares started before the middle of April. Anoestrous Finnhorse mares began to cycle later than warm blooded mares in all of the groups studied. Mares which had foaled the previous year were more often anoestrous during the winter than dry mares. The time of year when cycling began in a particular mare tended to be the same from year to year (p less than 0.01).     

CRP配套系母系猪排卵规律的初步研究

本文以CRP配套系母猪系猪为材料，研究其排卵与胚胎活力。结果表明：母系猪排卵数24．14个，比我国地方猪种平均排卵数21．58多2．56个；28－30d胚胎成活率80．35％，大于大约克的69．55％，小于二花脸猪的85．96％。母系猪的高排卵特性和较高胚胎存活量，为品系14．74头的高产仔数提供了生理前提。     

牛排卵遥测器的研制和应用

本文介绍了一种新型牛排印监测装置和应用该装三进行牛排印监测的结果．排卵监测装置是根据动物排印时期可发生体温变化的原理设计的［１］［２］，应用过测装置对家畜的体温进行连续、无损伤、精确地测量和记录，从而根据体温的变化确定平排卵与否．试验表明，牛排卵期体温可比非排卵期体温升高０．２０～０．５０Ｃ，可持续８～１０ｈ，经直肠检查和剖腹探查验证，注射甲基前列腺素（ＰＧＦＺ。）后诱导的排卵和自然发传牛的排卵时问分别为出现体温高峰５～ｓｈ和１５～１８ｈ，这种排卵期出现的体温高峰可以通过我们自制的体温遥测装置进行监测，并且依此可以正确地判断牛的排卵。     

Ovarian Activity at Naturally Attained Oestrus in the Sow. An Ultrasonographic and LH Study

In 6 multiparous crossbred sows (2nd to 4th parity, Swedish Landrace x Swedish Yorkshire), 15 proosestrous-oestrous periods during 2 oestrous cycles were studied after weaning. The animals were controlled for oestrus, and the follicular growth and ovulation in their ovaries were followed by transrectal ultrasonography. Blood was sampled through indwelling catheters for analyses of LH and progesterone (P₄).The duration of oestrus (standing reflex) was 47 ± 12.4 h, and the interval from onset of standing reflex until the end of ovulation was 39 ± 12.4 h (range 20-64 h). The LH peak concentration was 3.7 ± 0.8 μg/1, and the interval from LH peak level until ovulation was 23 ± 8.4 h (range 8-32 h). The onset of standing reflex occurred in average 13 h before the LH peak level (range -4 - +36 h).The peripheral plasma concentration of P₄ showed a normal cyclic pattern in all animals. Low levels (mean levels, 1.1-1.3 nmol/1) were seen during prooestrus and oestrus, high mean levels were found on days 10-16 (45-75 nmol/1) in the oestrous cycle. It was concluded that for an accurate determination of ovulation, each animal has to be examined repeatedly. Ultrasonography is a most valuable tool for this purpose.     

低温诱导堆型艾美耳球虫3-1E基因的可溶性表达

设计合成特异引物应用RT-PCR技术扩增堆型艾美耳球虫的3-1E基因。通过EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切,基因连接到表达载体PET28a上,转化入Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)感受态细菌,挑取阳性菌落。经过双酶切和测序鉴定,证明含目的基因的表达载体PET28a构建成功。低温(16℃)诱导表达,经过SDS-PAGE和We-stren Bolt鉴定,表明此蛋白以可溶蛋白在细菌内表达。在诱导50h,IPTG浓度为0.4mmol/L时目的蛋白表达量最大。     

Ovarian activity in F1 prepubertal ewe lambs under tropical conditions

Seventy crossbred ewe lambs, born from Pelibuey (PB) dams mated with five sire breeds: White Dorper × PB (WD × PB), Black Head Dorper × PB (BHD × PB), Ile de France × PB (Ile × PB) Katahdin × PB (KT × PB) and Pelibuey (PB × PB), were used to determine age and weight to puberty, follicular populations during prepubertal development, ovulation rate at first ovulation and function of the first corpus luteum (FCL). Ewe lambs were maintained under grazing conditions and were supplemented with 300 g head^− 1 day^− 1 of a concentrate with 14% CP and 3.0 Mcal ME kg^− 1 of DM. From 145 days of age, monthly observations were performed by endoscopy to monitor follicular populations and luteal structures. Ovarian follicles were classified according to size into small (≥ 1 and < 3 mm), medium (≥ 3 and ≤ 4 mm) and large (> 4 mm). Additionally, weekly observations by ultrasonography were performed in four ewes per genotype to assess follicular populations. Luteal function from first ovulation was determined by circulating concentrations of progesterone. Ovulation rate was not affected by genotype (P > 0.05). All breed groups had the same pattern of follicular populations, where most of follicles were small, followed by medium and a small proportion of large follicles. Maximum diameter of follicles was similar for all genotypes during prepubertal development (P > 0.05), with an average range of 3.9 ± 0.20 to 4.4 ± 0.20 mm. The BHD × PB reached puberty at the youngest age of 240.9 ± 13.0 days, compared to all other genotypes (P < 0.05), 259.1 ± 11.7 for WD × PB, 279.3 ± 9.6 for KT × PB and 289.0 ± 15.3 days for PB × PB and 308.6 ± 11.9 days for Ile × PB ewe lambs. Ile × PB had greater weight to first ovulation (31.5 ± 1.19 kg) as compared to other breed groups (P < 0.01). The largest percentage of FCL was for KT × PB ewes (100%) (P < 0.05), followed by BHD × PB (88.9%), PB × PB (83.3), WD × PB (78.6%) and Ile × PB (77.8%). There were no differences in ovulation rate attributable to type of lambing from which ewe lambs came from (P > 0.05). BHD × PB ewe lambs reached puberty at an earlier age than other in this study. KT × PB ewe lambs had the highest percentage of FCL in their first ovulation. Breed of sire Ile de France increased weight to puberty and decreased FCL at first ovulation. In conclusion, the BHD × PB ewe showed puberty at an earlier age than other genotypes, while the KT × PB had the highest percentage of functional corpus luteum in their first ovulation. Ewe lambs coming from single lambings reach puberty at a heavier weight than those coming from multiple lambings. The ovulation rate in the first ovulation of ewe lambs is not affected by genotype and type of lambing.     

巴美肉羊发情期外周血E2和P4浓度变化规律与排卵数关系研究

绵羊在发情周期中各生殖激素浓度变化与卵泡发育、成熟和排卵有着密切的关系。为了研究巴美肉羊血清生殖激素的动态变化及其与排卵数关系,试验采用电化学法,测定了12只成年母羊发情期血清中2种类固醇激素(E₂和P₄)的浓度水平,分析其动态变化规律,并用SAS 9.0的方差分析程序分析激素浓度与排卵数的关系。结果表明,两种激素在排单卵组和排双卵组绵羊间变化规律不同,E₂在排单卵组表现为先下降后升高的变化趋势,在排双卵组表现为持续下降趋势;P₄在排单卵组表现为持续上升的趋势,在排双卵组为先上升后下降的变化趋势。排单卵和排双卵组绵羊在各时间点的E₂和P₄激素浓度差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。