Effects of exogenous neurohormone, gonadotropin (GtH) and dopaminergic drugs on the serum GtH content and ovulatory responsiveness of wild catfish, Silurus asotus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Wild female catfish Silurus asotus (Linnaeus, 1758) were injected with domperidone (DOM) alone, [d ‐Ala⁶, Pro⁹ Net]‐luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH‐A) alone once or twice, LHRH‐A plus DOM once or twice simultaneously at 6‐h intervals, LHRH‐A plus carp pituitary extract (CPE) twice simultaneously at 6‐h intervals and LHRH‐A plus human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) twice simultaneously 6 h apart respectively. The results indicated that injection of LHRH‐A at a dosage of 0.01–0.02 μg g^?1 body weight (BWt) alone induced a low but significant increase in serum gonadotropin (GtH) (P<0.05) and resulted in a very low ovulation rate, while DOM at a dosage of 5 μg g^?1 BWt alone did not induce an increase in the serum GtH levels and ovulation; in contrast, LHRH‐A at a dosage of 0.01 μg g^?1 BWt plus DOM at a dosage of 5 μg g^?1 BWt (termed the Linpe technique) increased the serum GtH (P<0.05) significantly and induced an ovulatory rate of 100%, while LHRH‐A plus CPE or HCG resulted in an increase in the serum GtH (P<0.05) and high ovulatory rate, although the latency period was longer when fish were given LHRH‐A plus HCG or CPE.     

Involvement of steroid hormones in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in female goldfish

Goldfish,Carassius auratus, spawn several times within a spawning season. A gonadotropin (GtH) surge occurs at the time of ovulation in this cyprinid species. This ovulatory GtH surge mediates the processes of final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and occurs at the end of each spawning cycle. Within a cycle, there is a shift in the predominant plasma steroid from estradiol to testosterone, and finally 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one at the time of the ovulatory GtH surge. High levels of testosterone were always observed before ovulation. When ovariectomized or sexually regressed female goldfish were implanted with testosterone, they exhibited a GtH surge which was similar to those normally observed at ovulation. These results strongly suggest that elevated plasma testosterone is an important physiological requirement for the occurrence of the GtH surge.     

Reproductive parameters of the chub mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber japonicus</Emphasis> estimated from human chorionic gonadotropin-induced final oocyte maturation and ovulation in captivity

ABSTRACT:   Final oocyte maturation and ovulation of captive chub mackerel Scomber japonicus with fully yolk-accumulated oocytes were induced by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin. Reproductive parameters, including spawning frequency and batch fecundity, which are required to estimate spawning biomass in pelagic fish by the daily egg production method, were analyzed. Germinal vesicle migration (GVM) occurred at 18–24 h post-injection, and the hydration and ovulation of oocytes were completed at 30 and 36 h post-injection, respectively. The results of the maturation process suggest that fish with GVM-stage ovaries captured in the daytime from the field are capable of spawning on the night following their capture. The oocytes used in the oocyte size-frequency distribution method for batch fecundity estimates should be at late GVM and more advanced stages. The results of sequential artificial insemination showed that the quality of ovulated eggs held in the ovarian lumen rapidly deteriorated as time progressed after ovulation. This indicates that the fertilization window for the ovulated eggs of chub mackerel lasts only a few hours, and spawning behavior should be performed within a few hours after ovulation in the wild population.     

In vivo activity of native GnRHs and their analogues on ovulation in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)

Four distinct forms of native gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and two newly designed analogues were tested for their in vivo activity to induce ovulation in African catfish. The effects of these peptides on ovulatory parameters were compared with those of carp pituitary and [d ‐Ala⁶, Pro⁹‐NEt]‐mammalian GnRH analogue (mGnRHa), two tested ovulation‐inducing agents in African catfish. Assessment of ovulation was carried out by determining the ovulation ratio and the relative quantity of egg produced. From the results of the experiments, the order of potency of the native GnRH peptides is summarized as chicken GnRH‐II (cGnRH‐II) >salmon GnRH (sGnRH) >mammalian GnRH >chicken GnRH‐I (cGnRH‐I). Chicken GnRH‐II was as potent as mGnRHa while cGnRH‐I was totally ineffective. The new d ‐Orn⁶‐cGnRH‐II and d ‐Orn⁶‐sGnRH with a substitution at position 6 with d ‐isomer residue were as potent as the most extensively used mGnRHa, indicating that the position 6 modification might be more crucial than the substitution at the C‐terminal. On the basis of our results, the potential use and incorporation of cGnRH‐II and sGnRH for the development of more generic spawning induction therapies are suggested.     

双峰驼精清诱导排卵活性成分的DEAE—纤维素柱层析分离及其生物活性

选用DEAE－纤维素离子交换柱对双峰驼精清进行分离，各层析组分用于大鼠垂体组织体外培养，并给母驼肌注有活性的组分，以RIA法测定垂体组织培养液和母驼血浆中LH及FSH的浓度。结果表明，驼精清经DEAE－纤维素柱分离后可得到5个蛋白组分（L1－L5），其中L3在大鼠垂体培养时引起LH释放明显增加（P＜0．05），FSH则无明显变化。给卵巢上无大卵泡发育的母驼肌注有活性的组分L3，可引起血浆中LH明显升高，FSH也无变化。由此表明，L3在体内外试验中均具有引起LH释放的生物活性，它可能是诱导排卵的活性因子或其成分之一。     

应用促排2号提高母猪产仔性能试验

依据“利用GnRH人工干预和控制母畜排卵以提高其繁殖性能”的技术原理，应用国产GnRH产品促排2号，于母猪配种前0－8h一次肌注200μg，试验结果表明可使母猪本胎窝平产仔总数较未使用促排2号的上胎增加1．83头（P＜0．01），窝平活产仔数增加1．78头（P＜0．01），且本胎使用后对下胎产仔性能无不良影响。     

~(60)Co辐照诱变对姬松茸菌丝生长及其细胞形态结构的影响

本文报道了经不同剂量60 Coγ射线辐照对姬松茸菌丝生长、扭结和细胞形态结构的影响。结果表明 ,采用 0 2～ 0 5kGy低剂量辐射后的姬松茸菌丝 ,细胞壁比对照厚 ,而且细胞出现重度质壁分离。随着辐照剂量增大其细胞壁则变薄 ,而且细胞出现轻度质壁分离。经高剂量辐射后 ,姬松茸菌丝生长速度减缓 ,菌丝生长呈稀弱状 ,但与对照相比 ,采用低剂量辐射则有利于促进菌丝生长和提前扭结 ,其子实体增产率达 34 8%。     

水稻诱变糯质基因回复突变的研究

以杂交稻亲本胚乳糯质基因突变体南恢175wxR、湘恢288wxR、II-32wxB、明恢86wxR、蜀恢527wxR、明恢63wxR、龙特浦wxB以及D62wxB为材料,肉眼鉴定其自交后代胚乳性质,结果发现诱变糯质基因wx发生回复突变(即胚乳性质由糯质回复突变为非糯质),回复突变频率为0～6.34×10-5,平均为3.74×10-5.     

母猪诱导发情及排卵效果研究

研究不同方法对母猪的诱导发情及排卵效果的影响。采用3种处理方法对母猪进行了诱导发情及排卵研究。结果表明,PMSG HCG组的诱导发情率与情期受胎率均极显著(P﹤0.01)高于三合激素组、显著(P﹤0.05)高于PMSG组,且PMSG组的诱导发情率与情期受胎率均显著(P﹤0.05)高于三合激素组;经PMSG HCG方法诱导发情处理的母猪,其发情高峰发生在注药后48～96h,母猪发情呈现明显的同期化;PMSG HCG方法处理母猪后,可以提高母猪的产仔数及活仔数,且对受胎率无影响;进一步观察母猪排卵及胚胎发育状况表明,PMSG HCG方法对母猪进行诱导发情及排卵并没有影响胚胎的质量,胚胎开始进入子宫的时间发生在母猪配种后60h以前,此时,胚胎处于4细胞期。说明采用促性腺激素对母猪的诱导发情效果要明显好于性腺激素,且采用适宜剂量的PMSG与HCG混合注射来诱导母猪发情及排卵是完全可行的。     

抑制杨木APMP纸浆返黄技术的研究(Ⅱ)——助剂协同处理的研究

为了降低处理成本并达到较为满意的白度稳定效果 ,该文主要研究了几种助剂协同处理对黑杨APMP纸浆干 湿热和光返黄的抑制作用效果 .采用了几种较优的黑杨APMP纸浆光稳定剂 (紫外吸收剂ZW 1,ZW 2及抗氧剂抗坏血酸、次亚磷酸钠 )组合处理纸浆 .研究发现 ,抗坏血酸和其它助剂共同处理纸浆同它单独作用情形一致 ,随其用量增加对纸浆诱导返黄促进作用增大 ;用特定的助剂组合共同处理纸浆 ,可以在降低助剂总用量的前提下大幅度的改善黑杨APMP纸浆的光稳定性 ,与它们单独处理效果相比存在着协同作用效果 .ZW 1 抗坏血酸 次亚磷酸钠是该研究中最优的助剂结合