2002-2004年国家大豆区试品种对大豆花叶病毒抗性的评价

在接种东北大豆产区SMV主要株系N1、N3和黄淮与南方大豆产区SMV株系Sa、SC3条件下,对最新育成的参加2002-2004年国家大豆区试的134个大豆品种进行了抗性评价,结果表明:接种4个株系后,分别有13个品种(东农L13、汾豆56、汾豆60、汾豆61、晋大74、K丰52-1、航天2号、辽03-20、辽95025-5-4、中作2-29、中豆32、科9208、油春32)和5个品种(铁95025-5-5、铁94037-6、汾豆69、冀99、冀鉴27)分别对4个株系和3个株系表现抗侵染,中黄4、中作016、吉林2001-14等25个品种对1-2个株系表现抗侵染;5个品种(公交03-1212、冀鉴37、秦豆9、淮02-02、滑豆20)对4个株系表现抗扩展.以上品种除可用于生产外,还可作为抗SMV育种的抗源.该批参试品种中,黄淮地区品种的平均病情指数最轻,其次是东北地区品种,然后长江流域,华南地区品种的病情最重.从不同类型品种的病情分析,按黄淮夏大豆、北方春大豆、南方夏大豆、南方春大豆、菜用大豆、热带多熟制大豆的顺序逐步加重.在田间条件下,免疫品种数量不多,占参试品种的7.9%,严重度为1级的高抗品种占47.5%,未发现严重度为4级的高感品种,表明多数品种田间抗性较好.     

玉米新品种丹科2187的选育及栽培技术

丹科2187是丹东农业科学院以自选系T96为母本,自选系DH34为父本组配而成的玉米单交种。几年的试验结果表明：该品种比现应用品种增产5％以上,具有高产,多抗各种病害,抗倒伏,生育期比丹玉39稍短,适应性较广等特点。是北方春玉米种植区重点推广的品种。     

Resistance Evaluation to Sheath Blight in Transgenic Rice Lines

Resistance of forty-one homozygous rice lines transformed with chitinase gene (RC24) and β-1,3 -glucanse gene β-1,3-Glu) to sheath blight was analyzed by inoculation. Among different lines, the resistance had significant differences according to the result by cluster analysis. The lines could be categorized into resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible types, while 92.1% of which belonging to moderately resistant or moderately susceptible type. For different resistant or susceptible lines, the resistance to rice sheath blight was remarkable correlated with the chitinase activity of transgenic lines except resistant type lines, in which enzyme activity coded by target gene was lower than moderately resistant type. The chitinase activity of transgenic lines tested at different time after inoculation or different organs of the same plant was uniform, which suggested that the expression of chitinase gene was constitutive in nature. Check varieties chitinase activity would change at different time after inoculation and reach a peak at sometime, but it had no difference at various pans of the same plant.     

高粱主干恢复系主要农艺经济性状配合力分析

以5个不育系和7个恢复系（1383-2为对照）为材料,采用p×q不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）对7个主要农艺经济性状进行了配合力分析和遗传力估算。结果表明,所有恢复系中,只有晋恢4在7个性状上的一般配合力都表现出正向效应,尤其在穗重、千粒重和产量等性状上表现出较好的一般配合力,所配TX623A/晋恢1、SX44A/晋恢3、HNA/晋恢6和V4A/晋恢7组合表现出较高的特殊配合力。晋恢3在千粒重、穗粒重和产量性状上,晋恢2在穗重、穗粒重和产量性状上表现出较高的一般配合力,这3个恢复系所配组合TX623A/晋恢4、SX44A/晋恢4、SX44A/晋恢3、TX623A/晋恢2和TX7501A/晋恢2在产量性状上表现出较高的特殊配合力。这7个性状的遗传是由加性和非加性效应共同控制,主要以非加性效应为主。     

玉米籽粒脱水速率的配合力分析

试验选用9份自交系,按格列芬双列杂交方法Ⅱ设计,随机区组3次重复。对籽粒生理脱水速率、籽粒自然脱水速率、穗轴脱水速率、苞叶脱水速率4个性状配合力分析结果如下:HR705、HR304、HR112自交系4个性状均负值且低,Mo17、HR11、黄早四、HR106自交系4个性状均为正值较高。丹340、K10自交系4个性状正负值均有。9个自交系4个性状特殊配合力差异大。HR112×HR106组合生理、自然脱水速率最高,黄早四×HR106组合的苞叶脱水速率最高。     

爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的创建及AFLP指纹图谱分析

初步鉴定了爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的特征特性,并以2套水稻（Oryza sativa）同核异质材料273JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、273D（D型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系273B, 803JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、803WA（野败型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系803B为研究对象,利用AFLP 分子标记技术构建了JW型不育胞质的指纹图谱,分离了JW型胞质与野败型胞质及保持系的差异片段。     

Production of inbred larvae through self‐fertilization using oocytes and cryopreserved sperm from the same individuals after sex reversal in eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica can change sex which makes self‐fertilization possible if sperm can be cryopreserved. In this study, small (~1 year old) and large (~2–3 years old) oysters were biopsied for sperm collection. Survival of the biopsied oysters after 1 year was 50% for small oysters and 17% for large oysters. Oocytes were collected from sex‐reversed females, and self‐fertilized with cryopreserved sperm. Of the 24 cryopreserved samples, 14 individuals had ≤1% fertility when crossed with oocytes from unrelated females, indicating that the cryopreserved sperm had reduced fertility. The other 10 individuals had a fertility of 39 ± 25% when crossed with oocytes from unrelated females (non‐selfing), but showed a significantly lower success of self‐fertilization (12 ± 16%) (P = 0.008), while aliquots of the same oocytes had a fertilization of 83 ± 11% when crossing with fresh sperm. Larvae were produced at day 3 in the self‐fertilized families (12–94% of the fertilized oocytes), and survived to eyed‐larvae stage at days 11–14. Genotyping with 9 microsatellite markers confirmed that the larvae resulted from self‐fertilization in four families. This study demonstrated the feasibility of creating self‐fertilized inbred lines of oysters by use of non‐lethal sperm collection and cryopreservation.     

三系粳稻不育系开花习性与异交结实率的关系

以583A、7740A7、7237A、春江12A、春江16A、春江26A、99-44A、宁67A、旱稻A等9个不同柱头外露率和花时的三系粳稻不育系为母本,以粳稻恢复系CH89为父本,进行大田小区制种,对不育系的午前花率、柱头外露率与异交结实率之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,不育系柱头外露率与异交结实率之间的简单相关系数和偏相关系数以及午前花率与异交结实率之间的简单相关系数均达到显著水平,异交结实率与柱头外露率、午前花率之间的复相关系数也达到显著水平。粳稻不育系异交结实率(y)与柱头外露率(x1)、午前花率(x2)的回归方程为y=26.06 0.51x1 0.28x2。通径分析表明,柱头外露率对粳稻不育系异交结实率起更重要的作用。对三系粳稻不育系的遗传改良及制种策略进行了讨论。     

几个常用玉米自交系主要数量性状的配合力分析

采用P（P－1）／2完全双列杂交设计4，对8个常用玉米自交系主要数量性状进行一般配合力和特殊配合力分析。结果表明8个性状同时受加性和非加性效应控制，以加性效应为主，在选育亲本或者组配时，不能只考虑一般配合力或者特殊配合力，要综合考察配合力总效应。研究还发现穗粗、株高、穗位高的遗传力较高，在早代进行选择便可收到显著成效；而茎粗、穗行数受环境影响较大，在后期选择方可取得良好效果。     

转基因玉米转化体特异性PCR检测技术研究

根据不同转基因玉米中重组DNA结构,分别对转基因玉米Bt11、Bt176、Mon810、Mon863、TC1507、GA21和NK603设计转化体特异性引物进行PCR检测。在此基础上分别以玉米内参照基因(ZSSIIb)作对照,对Bt11、Mon810、TC1507和GA21、NK603、Bt176分别作两对四重PCR反应,实现在同一个PCR反应管中同时对3种转基因玉米及内参照基因的特异性检测。