Approaches to increase recovery of bacterial and fungal abortion agents in domestic ruminants

Abortions in domestic ruminants cause significant economic losses to farmers. Determining the cause of an abortion is important for control efforts, but it can be challenging. All available diagnostic methods in the bacteriology laboratory should be employed in every case due to the many limiting factors (autolysis, lack of history, range of samples) that complicate the investigation process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the recovery of diagnostically significant isolates from domestic ruminant abortion cases could be increased through the use of a combination of the existing aerobic culture and Brucella selective method with methods that are commonly recommended in the literature reporting abortion investigations. These methods are examination of wet preparations and impression smears stained by the modified Ziehl–Neelsen method, anaerobic, microaerophilic, Leptospira, Mycoplasma and fungal culture. Samples of placenta and aborted foetuses from 135 routine clinical abortion cases of cattle (n = 88), sheep (n = 25) and goats (n = 22) were analysed by the new combination of methods. In 46 cases, bacteria were identified as aetiological agents and in one case a fungus. Isolation of Brucella species increased to 7.4% over two years compared with the previous 10 years (7.3%), as well as Campylobacter jejuni (n = 2) and Rhizopus species (n = 1). Salmonella species (5.9%) and Trueperella pyogenes (4.4%) were also isolated more often. In conclusion, the approach was effective in removing test selection bias in the bacteriology laboratory. The importance of performing an in-depth study on the products of abortion by means of an extensive, combination of conventional culture methods was emphasised by increased isolation of Brucella abortus and isolation of C. jejuni. The combination of methods that yielded the most clinically relevant isolates was aerobic, microaerophilic, Brucella and fungal cultures.     

常见园林植物化感作用的初步评价

以滤纸为基质初步评价了44种园林植物水浸液及最强抑制植物薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)挥发油对萝卜(Raphanus sativus)的化感作用,以土壤为基质验证了白玉兰(Magnolia denudata)的化感作用,同时分析比较了化感作用离体测试的几种常用方法。结果表明,1)薄荷、白玉兰、枫杨(Pterocarla stenoptera)的化感抑制作用最强,综合效应(SE)分别为-0.72、-0.65、-0.38;海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、国槐(Sophora japonical)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)的促进作用最强,SE值分别为0.47、0.41、0.26。2)薄荷挥发油具有极高的化感作用,在0.5 mg·mL-1浓度下,显著抑制萝卜种子的萌发(P＜0.05),极显著地抑制根和苗的生长(P＜0.01),对苗高的抑制作用强于根长。3)盆栽试验证实白玉兰确实具有较强的化感作用。4)不同测试方法间存在较大差异,且差异程度还与受体植物的选择有关。研究结果为系统研究园林植物的化感作用奠定了基础。     

论茶文化学科建设的途径与意义

本文首先从学科的基本概念出发,将茶文化学科定性为属于人文社会科学的横向应用学科.反思茶文化学科建设的历程,科研队伍建设至关重要,他们的努力直接决定学科建设的成败.针对茶文化研究学术性弱的问题,提出研究队伍专业化的对策.一方面是研究者自觉地自我培养,掌握相应基础学科的理论与方法;另一方面是学会、学术期刊的监督审查机制,将符合学术规范的优秀成果推荐给实践应用研究者和广大的茶文化爱好者.茶文化事业是一个整体,必须专业分工,协调发展.     

茶产业集聚的实证研究

产业集聚是经济发展过程中所表现出的一种空间聚集和地方专业化的经济现象。利用区位商LQ系数和产业地理集中指数对安徽省茶产业2002~2006年的集聚情况进行效益分析。结果表明,安徽茶产业具有明显的产业集聚现象,且主要集中在皖南和皖西地区,并通过其回归分析模型验证了茶产业的集聚水平与产业的发展高度正相关。     

弘扬湖湘茶文化促进湘茶经济发展

本文介绍了湖湘茶文化悠久而深厚的文化底蕴,分析了湖湘茶文化在湘茶经济发展中的地位和作用,建议加强湖湘茶文化的研究和普及,促进湘茶经济的发展。     

数字农业+特色民俗文化推动农村产业创新初探

当前,我国农村产业业态发展过程中暴露出一系列问题,如数字要素与农业要素融合水平不高、相关领域专业人才匮乏、农业生产经营布局不合理等,这些问题阻碍了我国农村产业的持续发展,也不利于我国“农业强国”目标的实现。本文基于数字农业与特色民俗文化融合视角,探索创新农村产业业态的方案,以期对农村现代化建设有所帮助。     

沪产哈密瓜采后贮藏温度对品质的影响

以沪产"雪里红"哈密瓜为试材,分别在3℃、5℃、7℃、10℃和常温条件下研究哈密瓜采后贮藏期间果实品质的变化。结果表明:采用低温贮藏能有效降低哈密瓜果实失重,并抑制总酸、总糖和可溶性固形物含量的下降。3℃贮藏温度明显延缓了"雪里红"品质的下降,保持较高的感官和营养品质,贮藏保鲜效果最佳。     

3种抗氧化剂对茶条槭(Acer ginnala Maxim.)组织培养污染及褐化的影响

研究了3种抗氧化剂(抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠、柠檬酸)对茶条槭外植体组织培养中抑制污染及褐化的影响。结果表明:在一定浓度下抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠、柠檬酸三者配合能明显抑制菌类污染及褐变的产生,在含有抗坏血酸0.125 g/L,亚硫酸钠0.125 g/L,柠檬酸2.5 g/L及BA 2 mg/L的培养基上增殖系数达3.76,与对照相比差异达极显著水准,但高浓度抗氧化剂对茶条槭产生伤害。     

热带果园套种矮柱花草生草栽培轻简化技术

针对常年大量使用除草剂除草而造成果园地表土壤裸露等的问题,从种苗繁育、选园、种植前准备、定植、除草、刈割、病虫害防治等方面介绍了果园套种矮柱花草轻简化栽培技术,并分析了该技术的成本投入,以期促进果园生草推广应用,保护果园土壤和生态环境。     

Study on the Tissue Culture of Coleus blumei

This paper studied on the way of Coleus blumei, the leaf was chosen as explants and was inoculated on 1/2 MS medium with different combinations of 6-benzyladenine （6-BA）, α-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） and indole-3-butyric acid （IBA）. The optimal conditions of callus induction from explants were achieved on the medium containing 6-BA （2.0 mg· L^-1） and NAA （1.0 mg· L^-1）. Shoot tips were induced on the medium containing 6-BA （4.0 mg·L^-1） and NAA （0.5 mg·L^-1）. The same media conditions were found suitable for shoot multiplication, we multiplied shoots rooted best on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with IBA （0.1 mg·L^-1）.