微生态制剂对绿壳蛋鸡的育雏效果

为微生态制剂在绿壳蛋鸡育雏生产中的应用提供参考,选择1日龄健康长顺绿壳蛋雏鸡600只,随机分为5个组,即对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加0．008％、0．01％、0．012％和0．02％的微生态制剂,进行为期21 d 的饲养试验。结果表明：试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组的日增重比对照组分别提高9．13％、6．01％和1．20％,料重比分别比对照组低12．35％、7．82％和11．52％;试验Ⅰ组的法氏囊指数显著高于对照组（P ＜0．05）,脾脏指数显著低于对照组（P ＜0．05）,其余各组间法氏囊指数和脾脏指数差异均不显著（P ＞0．05）。添加适量的微生态制剂能明显改善雏鸡生长,促进营养物质的消化吸收,提高饲料转化率,增强免疫力,其中以添加0．008％效果最好。     

Brucella pinnipedialis hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) strain in the mouse model with concurrent exposure to PCB 153

Brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis, is linked to reproductive problems in primary hosts. A high proportion of Brucella-positive hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) have been detected in the declined Northeast Atlantic stock. High concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have also been discovered in top predators in the Arctic, including the hooded seal, PCB 153 being most abundant. The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenicity of Brucella pinnipedialis hooded seal strain in the mouse model and to evaluate the outcome of Brucella spp. infection after exposure of mice to PCB 153. BALB/c mice were infected with B. pinnipedialis hooded seal strain or Brucella suis 1330, and half from each group was exposed to PCB 153 through the diet. B. pinnipedialis showed a reduced pathogenicity in the mouse model as compared to B. suis 1330. Exposure to PCB 153 affected neither the immunological parameters, nor the outcome of the infection. Altogether this indicates that it is unlikely that B. pinnipedialis contribute to the decline of hooded seals in the Northeast Atlantic.     

Effect of vitamins,protein level and probiotics on immune response of moulted male broiler breeders

This study was planned to investigate the comparative effect of vitamins C (L‐ascorbic acid), E (DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate), probiotics, lower than normal protein level (14%) and combination of these treatments on immune response of male broiler breeders after zinc‐induced moulting. One hundred and eighty birds at the age of 65 weeks were induced to moult by mixing zinc oxide (ZnO) in feed at the rate 3000 IU/kg of feed. Upon completion of moulting, birds were divided into six groups (five replicates per group) in a completely randomized design and were fed vitamin C (500 IU/kg), vitamin E (100 IU/kg), lower protein level, probiotics (50 mg/l), and a combination of these components, while one group was kept as control. After completion of moulting phase (5 weeks), the treatment effects were tested as in vitro macrophages engulfment percentage, nitric oxide (NO) production, serum antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB). The results showed that in vitro macrophage engulfment percentage in unopsonized conditions was significantly higher in vitamin E‐supplemented group. In addition, in opsonized condition, the macrophage engulfment percentage was significantly higher in both vitamin E‐ and C‐supplemented groups. The NO (opsonized and unopsonized) production and antibody titre against ND and IB were significantly higher in vitamin E‐supplemented group. It was concluded that vitamin E is a better option for enhanced immune response in broiler breeders after zinc‐induced moulting.     

Effect of ellagic acid on some haematological,immunological and antioxidant parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, effect of ellagic acid on some haematological, immunological and antioxidant parameters in the blood and various tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. Four groups of rainbow trout were fed experimental diets containing either no ellagic acid (control) or supplemented with ellagic acid at 50 mg/kg diet (EA‐50), 100 mg/kg diet (EA‐100) or 150 mg/kg diet (EA‐150) for 21 days. Samples of the blood and tissue (liver, kidney and spleen) were collected at the end of the experiment and analysed for their haematological profile (the red blood cell count, the haemoglobin concentration and the haematocrit level), immune response (the white blood cell count, the oxidative radical production (NBT activity), the total plasma protein and total immunoglobulin level) and oxidant/antioxidant status (the malondialdehyde level, the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity as well as the reduced glutathione concentration). The findings of this study demonstrated that ellagic acid had a positive effect on the haematological parameters, the immune response and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the fish.     

鸡毒支原体F弱毒疫苗株感染SPF鸡对IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10产生的影响

为了解鸡毒支原体（Mycoplasma Gallisepticum,MG）F弱毒疫苗株感染SPF鸡对IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10共4种细胞因子产生的影响,本研究分别以活菌浓度为109（A组）、106（B组）CCU/mL的MG F株及生理盐水（C组）点眼接种SPF鸡,采用ELISA方法对免疫前后外周血4种细胞因子的动态变化规律进行研究。结果显示免疫后A、B组的4种细胞因子浓度明显升高;其中IFN-γ质量浓度A组于第7、14天显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）,B组于第7天显著高于C组（P〈0.05）;IL-2质量浓度各组于第3、5、7天差异显著（P〈0.05）,由高至低以此为：A、B和C组;A组与B组IL-4和IL-10质量浓度差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但两组IL-4质量浓度于第5、7、14天显著高于C组（P〈0.05）;且2组IL-10质量浓度于第5、7、14、21天显著高于C组（P〈0.05）。免疫MG F株可较好的提高IFN-γ、IL-2介导的细胞免疫作用和IL-4、IL-10介导的体液免疫作用,且MG F株活菌浓度与接种鸡的细胞免疫作用呈正相关性。     

猪瘟疫苗田间免疫效果监测

为准确掌握猪瘟疫苗免疫效果,2010-2012年对投放安徽省的猪瘟疫苗免疫效果进行了监测。采用抗体阻断ELISA方法,检测了454个猪场7439份免疫猪瘟弱毒活疫苗1个月左右的血清中猪瘟免疫抗体水平。结果显示,安徽省猪瘟疫苗免疫效果总体良好,免疫抗体合格率超过了70％：脾淋组织苗和细胞苗免疫效果相当,但脾淋组织苗免疫效果稳定,细胞苗免疫效果稳定性较差：不同厂家疫苗免疫效果参差不齐。     

Genetic selection for resistance to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) in the Landrace line influences the expression of soluble factors in blood after MPS vaccine sensitization

We recently developed a Landrace line that is resistant to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) infection by genetic selection for five generations, and we reported that the immunophenotype of this line is different from that of the non‐selected line in terms of changes in peripheral blood leukocyte population after MPS vaccination. This study followed up previous findings demonstrating changes in soluble factors in blood, namely, hormones, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), and cytokines. These two lines were injected with MPS vaccine on days ?7 and 0 after blood sampling on those days, and blood samples were collected on days ?14, ?7, 0, 2, 7 and 14. We found changes in the levels of many hormones and cytokines in both lines. However, we found that only growth hormone (GH) and interferon (IFN)‐γ levels were statistically different between these two lines. GH concentration was reduced (day 0) and IFN‐γ concentration was increased (day 14) in the MPS‐selected line compared with the non‐selected line, despite unchanged IFN‐γ messenger RNA expression in blood cells. Although detailed mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain unsolved, these traits would be useful to improve MPS resistance in pig production and provide an insight into MPS infection.     

秋播大蒜不同品种冬春季产品器官生长特性研究

以29个大蒜品种为试验材料,在陕西关中秋播条件下研究了冬春季节各品种的生长发育特点。综合各品种的生长特性和分析结果,适合兼作蒜苗或蒜薹和蒜头生产的品种有20号、88号和89号;适合兼作蒜苗或蒜头生产的品种有87号、64号、29号、18号和39号;适合兼作蒜苗或蒜薹生产的品种为09号;适合兼作蒜薹和蒜头生产的品种有08号、25号和73号。     

米糠日粮添加酶制剂对雏鹅消化器官发育的影响

16只7日龄雏鹅,随机分成对照组和试验两组,饲以米糠（占30％）基础日粮,试验组添加0．2％的酶制剂。实验期为7－21日龄,21日龄时捕杀,称取消化腺和消化道重量并测定小肠食糜上清液的粘度。结果显示：与对照组相比较,试验组雏鹅胰腺的相对重量较对照组分别轻27．14％（P＜0．01）和11．78％（P＜0．05）,胃（肌胃＋腺胃）较对照组低16．06％（P＜0．05）,十二指肠、空肠和回肠分较对照组低11．90％（P＜0．05）、11．48％（P＜0．05）和11．52％（P＜0．05）,盲肠相对重量变化差异不显著（P＞0．05）;回肠食糜上清液粘度显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）。以上结果表明：酶制剂通过降解大麦日粮中的木聚糖等抗营养因子,降低食糜的粘度,从而影响雏鹅消化器官的发育。     

硫酸粘杆菌素对獭兔肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

为探讨硫酸粘杆菌素对獭兔盲肠菌群和免疫器官组织TLR2、TLR4mRNA相对表达量及外周血细胞因子含量的影响,试验分为2组,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础全价饲料;Ⅱ组饲喂含20mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素的基础全价饲料。试验期为28d。试验应用PCR-DGGE及Real-Time PCR技术比较分析獭兔盲肠菌群结构的差异,采用ELISA检测外周血中细胞因子的含量,Real-Time PCR检测TLR2、TLR4mRNA相对表达量。结果表明:Ⅱ组盲肠菌群多样性与Ⅰ组相似(P0.05);Ⅱ组盲肠中梭菌类群XIVa、肠球菌属、链球菌属数量明显高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),梭菌类群Ⅳ明显低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组盲肠TLR2/4和回肠TLR4的相对表达量高于Ⅰ组,盲肠TLR4差异显著(P0.05),其余差异不显著(P0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组獭兔脾脏指数和脾脏TLR2/4表达量增加,肝脏指数和肝脏TLR4表达量减少,均无显著差异(P0.05),但肝脏TLR2显著增加(P0.05);Ⅱ组外周血细胞因子IL-4的浓度显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。饲料中添加20mg/kg的硫酸粘杆菌素可在一定程度上促进断奶幼兔脾脏发育并提高机体免疫力。