IL-24对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖、细胞周期和缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的观察IL-24对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞（KF）的抑制效应及缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）表达的影响。方法建立KF组、携带绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒的KF组（pEGFP-KF组）、携带转染IL-24基因表达质粒的KF组（IL-24-pEGFP-KF组）,用噻唑蓝法及流式细胞术检测KF增殖、细胞周期变化。建立KF、pEGFP-KF、IL-24-pEGFP-KF细胞株裸鼠移植瘤模型,免疫组织化学检测KF中HIF-1α表达。结果 IL-24-pEGFP-KF组较pEGFP-KF组、KF组到达平台期延迟,IL-24明显抑制了细胞增殖（P〈0.05）。IL-24-pEGFP-KF组的G0/G1期比例明显高于pEGFP-KF组、KF组,而S、G2/M期比例明显降低（P〈0.05）。IL-24-pEGFP-KF组的HIF-1α表达明显低于pEGFP-KF组和KF组。结论 IL-24可抑制KF增殖和HIF-1α表达,阻止细胞周期于G0/G1期。     

钙对根际低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗可溶性蛋白表达的影响

采用营养液水培,以低氧耐性较弱的黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为试材,研究了外源钙和钙调素(Ca.M)抑制剂三氟拉嗪(TFP)对根际低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系和叶片可溶性蛋白表达的影响。结果表明:低氧下植株的生物量显著下降,施加外源Ca2+后生物量显著增加,而施加TFP后则在低氧胁迫的基础上进一步降低了植株的生物量。植株的根系可溶性蛋白含量在低氧下降低而在添加了Ca2+后升高;叶片的可溶性蛋白含量在低氧下升高,添加Ca2+后可溶性蛋白在处理6 d和9 d时高于低氧和对照处理;施加TFP后根系和叶片的可溶性蛋白均下降。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表明,不同处理在根系中至少有9种蛋白表达量发生明显变化,其相对分子质量(×103)分别为17.2、19.7、24.0、31.5、35.0、51.2、64.8、75.0、83.0;叶片中也有7种蛋白表达量发生了变化,其相对分子质量(×103)分别为14.0、21.0、34.0、37.2、39.0、46.5、58.5。外源Ca2+显著增加了黄瓜的生物量,调节根系和叶片中可溶性蛋白含量及其表达,缓解了低氧胁迫对植株的伤害,增强了黄瓜的低氧耐性。     

长期慢性低氧对牦牛和黄牛血液中HIF-2α、 EPO水平及红细胞相关指标的影响

为探讨牦牛和迁饲黄牛血液中红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HB)、低氧诱导因子-2α(HIF-2α)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)等因子对高原适应和习服的不同特征及调控机理,按照海拔低于3 500m和高于3 500m两组采集青海地区的牦牛血样,同时采集高山迁饲黄牛(海拔2 500m)及低海拔黄牛(海拔1 300m)血液,采用全自动血液分析仪测定血液中红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞比容(HCT)、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)等;采用双抗夹心酶标法测血液中EPO、HIF-2α含量。通过t检验及单因素方差分析法分析指标间的差异性,并分析各指标与HIF-2α、EPO的相关性。结果表明,海拔高于3 500m牦牛组的RBC、HB、HCT显著升高,而HIF-2α和EPO水平却未发生显著变化。与迁饲黄牛和低海拔黄牛相比,牦牛血液中的RBC明显降低,而MCH、HIF-2α和EPO显著升高。牦牛血液中EPO、RBC、HB、HCT、MCH水平与HIF-2α水平呈显著相关;迁饲黄牛血液中红细胞分布宽度(RDW-SD)与EPO水平呈显著相关;低海拔黄牛血液EPO、MCH水平与HIF-2α水平呈显著相关。推测:海拔升高引起的低氧是影响牦牛血液RBC、HB、HCT改变的主要因素;与黄牛相比,低RBC、低MCH、高HIF-2α、高EPO水平是牦牛适应低氧的主要特征,且牦牛血细胞各指标对血液中HIF-2α水平的改变更敏感。提示牦牛通过遗传进化成功适应高原环境。     

密闭气袋在牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养中的应用

通过简易避光密闭气袋在人体呼出的气相环境下（CO2浓度约5%,O2浓度约15%）,利用生化培养箱进行牛卵母细胞的体外成熟培养。结果显示,牛卵母细胞在密闭气袋中培养与对照组（正常培养）相比成熟率（74.79%比71.69%,P〉0.05）、孤雌激活后卵裂率（83.07%比81.39%,P〉0.05）和囊胚发育率上（26.75%比22.87%,P〉0.05）均无显著差异,但是密闭气袋培养各项数据均略高于对照组。本试验验证了该技术的方便性和有效性,为此技术在生产实践中的推广应用提供依据。     

低氧胁迫下不同品种凡纳滨对虾线粒体超微结构的比较

利用透射电镜技术比较研究了低氧胁迫对2个凡纳滨对虾品系(正大,A6410)的肌肉和鳃组织线粒体超微结构的影响。结果表明:常氧条件下,这2个凡纳滨对虾品系的肌肉和鳃中线粒体结构均匀,内外膜平滑完整,内嵴细长且分布均匀。低氧胁迫12 h后,正大品种肌肉线粒体膜扭曲变形,体积变大,嵴和基质明显减少,结构不完整且伴随着肌纤维疏松,肌丝断裂溶解;而A6410品种肌肉线粒体轻微肿胀,外膜和内膜局部发生变化,内嵴溶解,部分肌丝疏松断裂。正大品种鳃线粒体外膜扭曲变形,内嵴模糊且排列紊乱,髓样变形,呈现严重空泡化;A6410品种鳃线粒体嵴和基质部分减少,出现轻微空泡化现象。抗低氧性能较强的A6410肌肉和鳃线粒体受损程度明显轻于正大。不同组织对低氧胁迫的敏感性不同,且耐低氧性能与线粒体结构密切相关。     

Does Amia Calva aestivate?

During gradual air exposure, Amia calva show no reduction in oxygen consumption, no increase in plasma urea levels or in urea excretion. Blood pH remains constant, and plasma total CO₂, P_{CO 2}, HCO₃ ^-. total ammonia and NH₃ concentrations all rise significantly. Exposure to 923 μmol/l NH₄Cl does not elicit an increase in urea production or airbreathing. Aquatic hypoxia without access to air does not cause a reduction in aerobic metabolism, and moderate levels result in death. These results suggest that Amia are incapable of aestivation, due to an inability to detoxify ammonia to urea and reduce metabolism, and die following three to five days of air exposure.     

Cardiac activity,ventilation rate and acid-base regulation in rainbow trout exposed to hypoxia and combined hypoxia and hypercapnia

A computerised system for non-invasive monitoring of heart and ventilation rates and the time intervals between heart beats and between breaths was developed and used to investigate cardio-respiratory changes in rainbow trout exposed to hypoxia and to combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. Upon exposure to hypoxia and hypoxia-hypercapnia the arterial O₂ tension decreased from about 90 mmHg to about 30 mmHg. Acid-base changes were small in hypoxia whereas exposure to combined hypoxia-hypercapnia caused a large extracellular respiratory acidosis. This acidosis was completely compensated within 24h by accumulation of bicarbonate in plasma to concentrations twice the normoxic values. The ventilation rate was increased to higher values in hypoxic-hypercapnic trout than in hypoxic trout. In contrast to previous reports, the heart rate increased in hypoxia. On top of the tachycardia response to hypoxia, the heart rate was governed by circadian rhythms, with higher heart rates during the day than during the night. The time interval between heart beats varied considerably in normoxic fish. Hypoxia strongly reduced this variability, which may originate in a reduced cholinergic tone to the heart. The width of the frequency distribution of the time intervals between breaths was not affected by hypoxia. The degree of cardio-respiratory synchronization was low in both normoxic and in hypoxic and hypoxic-hypercapnic trout.     

马铃薯幼苗对根际低氧胁迫的生长响应及耐性分析

为明确马铃薯抗湿性, 筛选耐湿品种, 本文采用盆栽淹水处理的方法, 以国内外14 个马铃薯品种资源为试验材料, 研究了低氧胁迫对植株生长的影响, 并利用湿害指数(WI)、抗逆系数(ARC)以及聚类分析方法分析了不同马铃薯品种资源幼苗耐低氧性的差异, 对14 个供试品种资源进行了耐低氧性综合评价。结果表明,与正常栽培(对照)比较, 淹水处理显著降低了“乌洋芋”、“早大白”、“Favorita”和“Vagor”品种的植株鲜重、植株干重、新叶数、株高和根系长度, 其平均抗逆系数为0.61~0.68, 这4 个品种对根际低氧胁迫敏感; 而“竹根”、“藏薯1 号”和“克新12 号”品种在低氧逆境下, 植株生长受到的抑制相对较小, 其平均抗逆系数在0.90~0.93,说明其对低氧胁迫的抗性较强; 其余7 个品种( “克新16 号”、“克新18 号”、“713NS51-5”、“717NS78-7”、“Cersa”、“458 DTO-33”和“川芋”)的平均抗逆系数在0.75~0.83,对低氧胁迫有一定的抗性。此外, 在淹水处理第8 d 时,“Vagor”和“Favorita”的湿害指数均达到3.0, 死亡率分别为47%和50%, 耐湿性最差; “克新18 号”、“乌洋芋”和“早大白”的湿害指数为2.5~2.8, 耐湿性较差; “竹根”、“克新12 号”、“藏薯1 号”和“克新16 号”的湿害指数为0.2~0.8, 耐湿性最强; 其余品种(“713NS51-5”、“717NS78-7”、“Cersa”、“458 DTO-33”和“川芋”)居中, 湿害指数为1.4~1.9。综合抗逆系数(ARC)、湿害指数(WI), 结合聚类分析的评价结果, 将供试的14 个马铃薯品种分为4大类: 耐低氧品种(“竹根”、“藏薯1 号”和“克新12 号”), 中等耐低氧品种(“克新16 号”、 “713NS51-5”、“717NS78-7”、 “458DTO-33”、“川芋”和“Cersa”), 不耐低氧品种(“克新18 号”、“乌洋芋”和“早大白”), 低氧敏感品种(“Favorita”和“Vagor”)。     

Acute vision loss after general anesthesia in a cat

A 6‐year‐old, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat presented with a 2‐week history of blindness following general anesthesia. Behavioral changes, lethargy, inappetence and neurological deficits were also noted. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed blindness, normal pupillary light response and dazzle response, but no other abnormalities. Serodiagnostic testing for common infectious agents was negative and a cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. History and postmortem examination following euthanasia revealed cerebrocortical necrosis most consistent with anesthesia related hypoxia.     

Different Eucalyptus Species Show Different Mechanisms of Tolerance to Salinity and Salinity × Hypoxia

ABSTRACT

We studied the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity and oxygen deficiency stress on growth and leaf ionic composition of three Eucalyptus species [E. tereticornis, E. camaldulensis (Silverton), and E. camaldulensis (Local)]. Species were grown with control (no NaCl) and salinity (150 mol m^?3 NaCl) under hypoxic and non-hypoxic conditions in nutrient solution with five replications following CRD. Species differed significantly in their response to salinity and hypoxia. Absolute shoot dry matter was significantly better in E. camaldulensis (Silverton) in salinity and in E. camaldulensis (Local) in saline hypoxic treatment. E. tereticornis was the most sensitive species to salinity and salinity × hypoxia in the root environment. Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) concentrations were significantly lower in E. camaldulensis (Local) in non-hypoxic saline treatment compared to the other two species. E. camaldulensis (Silverton) seems to have better tissue compartmentalization, whereas E. camaldulensis (local) seems to have better exclusion of Na⁺ at the root level.