浙江省严重干旱发生年份的GM（1，1）预测模型

传统灰色GM（1，1）模型对稳定序列的中长期预测效果较好，对变化幅度较大的严重干旱年序列的中长期预测效果较差。本文采用中心逼近式灰色GM（1，1）模型，通过调整m值，使模型精度达到要求，从而建立浙江省严重干旱发生年份的GM（1，1）预测模型。拟合结果表明，该方法对预测浙江省下一个严重干旱发生年有一定的参考价值。     

Using arbuscular mycorrhiza to reduce the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth

Soil compaction is of great importance in agriculture, because its high levels may adversely affect plant growth and the environment. Since mechanical methods are not very efficient and economical, using biological methods to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on plant growth may be beneficial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, and (2) test the hypothesis that applying arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with different origins can partially or completely overcome the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn growth under unsterilized and sterilized conditions. Corn was planted in unsterilized and sterilized compacted soils, while treated with three species of AM including, Iranian Glomus mosseae, Iranian Glomus etunicatum, and Canadian Glomus mosseae, received from GINCO (Glomales in vitro Collection), Canada. Plant growth variables and soil resistance parameters were determined. AM significantly increased root fresh (maximum of 94% increase) and dry (maximum of 100% increase) weights in the compacted soil. AM with different origins may improve corn growth in compacted soils, though its effectiveness is related to the level of compaction and also to the interaction with other soil microorganisms.     

Soil compaction and forest floor removal reduced microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a boreal aspen forest soil

Soil enzymes are linked to microbial functions and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems and are considered sensitive to soil disturbances. We investigated the effects of severe soil compaction and whole-tree harvesting plus forest floor removal (referred to as FFR below, compared with stem-only harvesting) on available N, microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), and microbial biomass P (MBP), and dehydrogenase, protease, and phosphatase activities in the forest floor and 0–10 cm mineral soil in a boreal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest soil near Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada. In the forest floor, no soil compaction effects were observed for any of the soil microbial or enzyme activity parameters measured. In the mineral soil, compaction reduced available N, MBP, and acid phosphatase by 53, 47, and 48%, respectively, when forest floor was intact, and protease and alkaline phosphatase activities by 28 and 27%, respectively, regardless of FFR. Forest floor removal reduced available P, MBC, MBN, and protease and alkaline phosphatase activities by 38, 46, 49, 25, and 45%, respectively, regardless of soil compaction, and available N, MBP, and acid phosphatase activity by 52, 50, and 39%, respectively, in the noncompacted soil. Neither soil compaction nor FFR affected dehydrogenase activities. Reductions in microbial biomass and protease and phosphatase activities after compaction and FFR likely led to the reduced N and P availabilities in the soil. Our results indicate that microbial biomass and enzyme activities were sensitive to soil compaction and FFR and that such disturbances had negative consequences for forest soil N and P cycling and fertility.     

上向流曝气生物滤池中有机氮沿程转化规律与生物特性研究

为揭示上向流曝气生物滤池中有机氮沿程转化规律及其微生物特性,优化滤池的设计与运行,以有机氮废水为处理对象,在水力负荷0.329～0.50 5m3/(m2.h)、气水比4-5:1、沿程DO 3.0～5.85 mg/L、不加任何有机碳源的情况下,研究氮元素沿程转化规律.结果表明:曝气生物滤池内有机氮氨化与硝化同步进行,90%以上的溶解性有机氮(DON)转化为NO3-N;滤池沿程各段对于TKN的降解进程(TKN→NH3-N)与NH3-N的硝化进程(NH3-N→NO2-N→NO3-N)一致:微生物总量沿水流方向呈逐渐递减趋势;生物耗氰速率(OUR)沿程逐渐减小,OUR 数量级为101mg/(g·h).该研究可为硝化滤池的设计提供理论依据以及滤池运行参数的优化提供技术支持.     

遥感及CA模型支持下的吉隆坡及其周边地区城市扩展分析与预测

利用长时间序列高分辨率Landsat TM影像,对吉隆坡及其周边地区城市扩展模式特征及驱动机制进行了分析,确定了其影响因子和限制因素,并基于CA模型原理对该研究区的城市扩展进行了模拟与预测.结果表明.吉隆坡及其周边地区城市扩展一直处于多经济核心支持下的中高速扩展阶段.吉隆坡内部的填充式扩展模式在整个城市扩展期间受周边的集中式扩展影响较大.在地形、经济及行政政策的交互影响下,研究区的扩展方向主要为西北、南、东南方向,其中以南部的城市扩展在各个时期最为突出.     

不同化感潜力水稻秧苗响应低钾的光合生理特性

本研究以化感水稻"PI312777"和非化感水稻"Lemont"为材料,采用水培方法研究低钾(5 mg K.L-1)和正常钾(40 mg K.L-1)条件下,两水稻品种的光合生理及其响应机制。结果表明,低钾条件对非化感水稻"Lemont"的根长、株高、干重有显著的抑制作用;而对化感水稻"PI312777"的根长有促进作用,对其他指标的影响较小。低钾条件下,两种水稻光合作用参数——净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值、叶绿素含量等均下降,但非化感水稻"Lemont"下降的幅度较大,且与化感水稻"PI312777"差异显著。水稻光合作用相关酶的分析结果表明,低钾条件下核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和乙醇酸氧化酶的活性及其基因表达强度均降低,但化感水稻"PI312777"的下降幅度显著小于非化感水稻"Lemont"。可见低钾条件下,化感水稻"PI312777"比非化感水稻"Lemont"具有更强的光合作用能力及耐营养匮乏能力。     

摩杂一代水牛与广西沼泽型水牛垂体组织结构的比较研究

对广西摩杂一代水牛的脑垂体进行组织学研究,并和广西沼泽型水牛(Bubalus bubalis)的脑垂体进行比较。将两种水牛的脑垂体做成切片,采用HE染色并通过图像分析仪进行分析。结果显示摩杂一代水牛脑垂体呈长卵圆形,其神经部细胞大小和细胞密度和广西沼泽型水牛差异不显著,中间部的嫌色细胞较广西沼泽型水牛的多,而远侧部的各种细胞出现率表现出差异显著,其中嗜酸性细胞与广西沼泽型水牛差异极显著。这些结果为培育广西奶水牛提供形态学依据。     

不同开口饵料对中华鲟仔鱼生长及成活率的影响

经人工孵化的同亲本中华鲟仔鱼苗,用不同的饵料饲养25 d,研究中华鲟仔鱼适宜的开口饵料及对仔鱼苗成活率和生长的影响.结果显示,用配合饲料作为开口饵料时,中华鲟仔鱼的成活率和生长速度显著低于水蚯蚓和丰年虫试验组;单用丰年虫投喂的试验组成活率最高(87.00%),但生长较慢;单用水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长速度比丰年虫快,但成活率仅为78.33%.用丰年虫 水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长和成活率都较好;中华鲟仔鱼最合适的开口饵料为丰年虫.     

几株光合细菌的分离鉴定及净水能力分析

从养猪场的排污池池水以及淤泥中分离纯化得到4株光合细菌,分别命名为P1、P2、P3、P4.根据菌株形态特征、对碳源利用能力以及活细胞光吸收特征的鉴定结果:P1为褐螺菌属莫氏褐螺菌(Phaeospirillum molischianum),P2为红螺菌属深红红螺菌(Rhodospirillum rubrum),P3为着色菌属小着色茵(Chromatium minus),P4为红菌属东方红茵(Rhodobium orientis).在实验室条件下,测定这些菌株对灭菌污水的化学需氧量(COD)去除率,以衡量它们的净水能力.结果显示,P1,P4对污水的COD降低作用最明显,COD降低率分别为55.2%和37.9%.