胭脂虫与寄主仙人掌的关系

对采自10个地方的仙人掌进行胭脂虫放虫试验,并对仙人掌进行解剖及营养成分分析,结合胭脂虫的生长情况对胭脂虫与仙人掌种类、内部构造及营养成分的关系进行研究,结果表明,胭脂虫在梨果仙人掌、朱耳掌及缩刺仙人掌上均能寄生,但以梨果仙人掌最好;从秘鲁引进的梨果仙人掌及云南禄丰的梨果仙人掌上胭脂虫生长较好;少刺型的梨果仙人掌上胭脂虫生长比多刺型梨果仙人掌好;仙人掌的表皮越厚,胭脂虫的生长越差,而胭脂虫的寄生能刺激仙人掌维管束的发育;仙人掌中蛋白质、水分含量对胭脂虫的生长具有显著影响。     

寄主植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响

该文选择了青杨Populus cathayanaRehd.、华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtiiMayr.和山杏Aarmeniaca sibiricaLinn.,研究植物对舞毒蛾Lymantria disparL.生长发育历期、蛹重、产卵量的影响。结果表明舞毒蛾发育历期、蛹重及产卵量与所取食的寄主植物有明显的相关性,取食华北落叶松的舞毒蛾个体发育历期最短,平均为38.22±0.56 d,蛹最重,平均为1.48±0.09g,产卵量最多,平均每雌560.65±41.67粒;取食青杨的舞毒蛾发育历期最长,平均为46.68±0.65 d,蛹最轻,平均为1.17±0.08 g,产卵量最少,平均每雌315.47±49.07粒;取食山杏的舞毒蛾间于二者之间,平均历期为39.53±0.58 d,平均蛹重为1.24±0.08 g,每雌产卵量394.50±58.65粒。可以认为,在供试范围内华北落叶松最适宜舞毒蛾生长发育,山杏次之,青杨最不适宜。     

牡丹根结线虫的鉴定

牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.根结线虫雌虫会阴花纹近圆形 ,有些花纹在侧线部位向一方或两方延伸成翼状 ,在近尾端区有刻点 ;能侵染烟草、辣椒和花生 ,而不为害西瓜和棉花 ;雌成虫酯酶同功酶凝胶电泳只出现一条酶带 ,迁移率 0 .5。根据以上结果将牡丹根结线虫鉴定为北方根结线虫 Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood。     

中国刺蛾科幼虫的寄主植物多样性分析

刺蛾科Limacodidae是鳞翅目中1个相对较小的科,是果树、园林及经济作物的主要害虫。目前我国已知64属230种,其中89种有幼虫的寄主植物记录。文章列出了这89种刺蛾及其寄主植物,并对其食性多样性及特点进行了分析。结果表明:中国刺蛾科昆虫涉及到的寄主植物共有64科,其中以茶科上的刺蛾种类最多,达47种,占总数的52.8%。     

Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.     

甘肃省木本植物上的白粉菌

通过对甘肃农业大学树木病害实验室所藏甘肃木本植物上白粉菌标本的研究，鉴定出甘肃白粉菌新记录4种，它们是猪毛菜内丝白粉菌（Leveillula saxaouli（Sorok．） Golov）、胡桃球针壳（Phyllactinia juglandis Tao ＆ Qin）、隐蔽又丝单囊壳（Podosphaera clandestina （Wallr．） Lev．）、萨蒙球针壳（Phyllactinia salmonii Blum．）；记录了锦鸡儿柬丝壳（Trichocladia sp．）和刺槐白粉菌（Erysip比sp．）2个未知种；国内寄主新记录1个，为小叶柳（Salix hypoleuca Seem）。描述了病害的症状、病原形态、寄主植物、采集日期和采集地点。     

寄主植物对青花菜上桃蚜试验种群的影响

研究了桃蚜对10种寄主植物的选择性以及青花菜、小白菜、油麦菜对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,并以作用因子组建3种寄主上桃蚜试验种群生命表.结果表明,芥菜、结球甘蓝、小白菜和青花莱为桃蚜的嗜好寄主;桃蚜在油麦菜上的发育历期较长,而产仔量较少;小白菜、青花菜上桃蚜种群趋势指数较大,分别为27.82和26.63,较适合桃蚜种群增长,油麦菜上桃蚜种群趋势指教较小,为16.82,对桃蚜种群增长有一定的抑制作用.     

螺旋粉虱发生及综合防治研究进展

从螺旋粉虱的分布区域、寄主范围、危害特征以及综合防治措施等方面阐述了国内外对螺旋粉虱的研究进展。