寄主植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响

该文选择了青杨Populus cathayanaRehd.、华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtiiMayr.和山杏Aarmeniaca sibiricaLinn.,研究植物对舞毒蛾Lymantria disparL.生长发育历期、蛹重、产卵量的影响。结果表明舞毒蛾发育历期、蛹重及产卵量与所取食的寄主植物有明显的相关性,取食华北落叶松的舞毒蛾个体发育历期最短,平均为38.22±0.56 d,蛹最重,平均为1.48±0.09g,产卵量最多,平均每雌560.65±41.67粒;取食青杨的舞毒蛾发育历期最长,平均为46.68±0.65 d,蛹最轻,平均为1.17±0.08 g,产卵量最少,平均每雌315.47±49.07粒;取食山杏的舞毒蛾间于二者之间,平均历期为39.53±0.58 d,平均蛹重为1.24±0.08 g,每雌产卵量394.50±58.65粒。可以认为,在供试范围内华北落叶松最适宜舞毒蛾生长发育,山杏次之,青杨最不适宜。     

臭椿、新疆杨混交林对光肩星天牛选择寄主行为的影响

利用3年生臭椿、新疆杨在室内建立混交林进行光肩星天牛成虫放飞试验.结果表明:臭椿、新疆杨混交林对天牛成虫的寄主选择有显著影响,天牛成虫的交尾行为只在新疆杨植株上进行;天牛成虫在林内植株上着落的总虫次随新疆杨株数的减少而下降,交尾次数也减少;臭椿、新疆杨植株数量在林分中所占比例在一定范围时,天牛成虫在新疆杨和臭椿上着落的虫次比均趋于稳定;新疆杨与臭椿以行状3:2和2:3混交时林分的抗虫效果较好.     

Influence of host plant species on the development and reproduction of hawthorn spider mites

A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the influence of host species of deciduous fruit trees, like apple, peach, plum, cherry and apricot, on the development and reproduction of the hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher in the laboratory under conditions of 25±1°C, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16 h: 8 h light: dark. This was done by determining the duration of each life stage of the mites, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r _m ), mean generation time (T) and net reproductive rate (R ₀) of the spider mites on each of the host plant species. Differences in life table parameters of the spider mite among host plants were analyzed with the jack-knife method. The results indicated that plum might be the best suitable plant for the spider mite among the plants tested due to shorter developmental period and higher intrinsic rate of increase, whereas cherry and apricot were least suitable due to their long developmental duration and low intrinsic rates of increase. When the spider mites were transferred from apple to other fruit trees, negative effects on developmental duration, fecundity and life table parameters were found in the first generation, but the effects faded out in succeeding generations. When transferred onto plum and peach, the spider mite adapted to the new hosts in the second generation; however, on cherry and apricot, it adapted in the third generation. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 27(7) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 27(7)]     

光肩星天牛成虫寄主选择中的"记忆效应"

2004年和2005年,对羽化于5种树种的光肩星天牛成虫在5种相同寄主树种上的停留、取食、交配、刻槽、产卵等5个寄主选择指标进行了试验.从总体结果看,光肩星天牛成虫在进行寄主选择时,对原寄主具有一定“记忆效应”.具体来讲,受到嗜好树种复叶槭的影响,来源不同的光肩星天牛成虫在停留、取食和交配3个指标上没有表现出很强的“记忆效应”.但就刻槽和产卵两个指标而言,光肩星天牛成虫在其来源树种上的比率最高,“记忆效应”表现得十分明显.该结果为在多树种合理配置中发挥诱饵树作用提供了较好的理论依据.     

植物LPATs基因研究进展

植物溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶(lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, LPAT)是三酰甘油(triglycerides,TAG)生物合成的重要限速酶,在脂质合成、种子发育及生物膜合成等方面具有重要的作用。目前,LPAT基因已在多种植物中被克隆,其编码的蛋白根据亚细胞定位大致可分为质体和微体两大类。文章综述了近年来国内外植物LPAT基因,包括拟南芥LPAT基因的染色体定位和基因结构,植物LPAT酶的底物选择性、表达调节及其生理功能,并对其在TAG生物合成的研究进行分析和展望。     

转基因玉米CM8101特异性定性PCR检测方法

旨在为转基因安全监管提供技术支撑,本研究建立了转基因玉米CM8101定性检测方法.根据CM8101转基因玉米插入序列信息,于3'端侧翼序列处设计PCR引物.通过扩增体系优化、特异性测试、灵敏度测试、稳定性测试等技术参数的测试建立了转基因玉米CM8101定性检测方法.结果表明:本特异性检测方法各项参数符合相关转基因分子检...     

Evaluation of a core collection of Brassica oleracea accessions for resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae, the cabbage aphid

A rapid, simple and reliable technique was developed for evaluating Brassica accessions in the glasshouse for resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae, the cabbage aphid. Brassica accessions were grouped into crop types with similar habit and vigour for evaluation. 401 Brassica oleracea accessions, representing the genetic and geographic diversity of the species, were evaluated for resistance to a population of B. brassicae collected originally from HRI, Wellesbourne. Ninety eight accessions were identified as being moderately resistant (grade 3) or partially resistant (grade 4). Re-testing of accessions in the glasshouse identified 12 moderately resistant and 43 partially resistant accessions. The most promising gene pool was kale, where a higher than expected number of resistant accessions were found. Three of the kales were consistently rated as moderately resistant in all tests. In contrast the broccoli gene pool was a poor source of resistance with less (one out of 46) resistant accessions than expected. Eleven of the kales graded 3 were tested in the field in 1995 and resistance to B. brassicae was confirmed. Ten accessions were also tested for resistance to two additional populations of B. brassicae, one from Greece and the other from Portugal. The results provided no evidence of aphid biotype/host specific differences in the resistance of these B. oleracea accessions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

金银花多酚氧化酶特异性与抑制剂动力学研究

对金银花多酚氧化酶底物特异性和不同抑制剂的抑制效应进行了动力学分析,结果表明:金银花多酚氧化酶的最适作用底物为绿原酸,Km值为0.0059 mmol/L。维生素C、4-己基间苯二酚、L-半胱氨酸对多酚氧化酶的抑制均属可逆抑制,其抑制类型分别属于混合性、竞争性、反竞争性,对游离酶的抑制常数KI分别为1.620、4.587、0 mmol/L,对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数KIS分别为1.995、0、3.780 mmol/L;柠檬酸的抑制效应属不可逆抑制。维生素C、4-己基间苯二酚、L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸对金银花多酚氧化酶半抑制浓度分别为0.062、0.053、0.140、0.048 mmol/L。     

The effect of environment on level of resistance to Phomopsis leptostromiformis in lupins and implications for resistance breeding to this disease

Summary Four varieties of lupins were sown at three planting dates and the level of Phomopsis leptostromiformis measured on the mature stems. When averaged over planting dates the varieties did not differ in resistance to this disease, however there were highly significant interactions between varieties and planting dates for level of disease. The implications of this result for resistance breeding to Phomopsis leptostromiformis are discussed.     

Oribatid mites in urban zones of West Berlin

Summary A comparison is made between oribatid fauna (Acari, Oribatida) in the urban regions of West Berlin and forest areas. There are characteristic species compositions living in urban soils, in epilithic moss cushions or on the bark of trees. The urban environment obviously causes a change in the species pattern in these types of habitats and minimizes the number of species in central urban regions. The most important regional factors are probably relative aridity, air pollution and habitat isolation, showing a similar increasing tendency from sub-urban to central regions of West Berlin. The effects of air pollution (SO2) on moss-inhabiting oribatid mites are analysed in 13 sites of the urban district of West Berlin. The use of moss- and bark-dwelling mites as bioindicators of air pollution is discussed.Soil oribatids might be useful bioindicators of soil pollution in further research.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov