深松对叶丛生长期甜菜形态结构特性及生物量积累特性的影响

【目的】研究深松深度对新疆南疆甜菜叶丛生长期植株形态结构及生物量积累影响,为新疆南疆甜菜田合理耕作层的构建提供依据。【方法】采用大田随机区组试验设计,设置4个处理,深松深度分别为35 cm(S₃₅)、45 cm(S₄₅)、55 cm(S₅₅)处理,未作深松处理作对照(CK),研究不同深松深度对甜菜叶丛生长期植株形态结构特性、各器官生物量积累的影响,分析叶片、叶柄形态结构特性与块根形态指标的相关性。【结果】甜菜叶丛生长期叶片长、叶片宽、叶片鲜重、叶柄长、叶柄粗及叶柄鲜重均随叶序的增加呈先增后降的趋势,其中L₅叶片出现最大值,可作为功能叶,且深松深度为55 cm促进甜菜叶丛生长期功能叶片和叶柄的生长。深松55 cm与对照(CK)相比,甜菜叶丛期块根长、块根直径、块根围及块根鲜重显著(P<0.05)增加了25.93%、25.59%、30.15%、19.19%,使单株总鲜重和叶片鲜重比例分别增加了29.99%、9.96%,降低甜菜块根鲜重比例和根冠比8.35%、14.29%。【结论】在新疆南疆深松深度为55 cm能有效促进甜菜叶丛生长期叶片生长,增加甜菜叶片生物量(源)的积累。     

基于深度视觉和蚁群避障算法的果园精准喷施路径规划方法

为了实现对Y-shaped果树的精准喷施,本文融合了彩色及深度视觉图像,提出了1种基于蚁群避障算法的果园最优行驶路径的规划方法。首先,对彩色图像进行图像分割处理,划分道路及果树树墙障碍区域,得出喷施设备的可行驶区域,提出了喷施行驶范围检测算法;然后,通过对深度图像和彩色图像融合的处理,将Y-shaped果树树冠边缘轮廓精准拟合形成栅格地图,并与蚁群避障算法相结合,提出了最优行驶路径规划算法。最后,对拟合曲线和Y-shaped果树树冠边缘轮廓进行检验,验证算法的拟合程度。实验结果证明,本文提出的路径规划算法可以准确地检测出果树区域,并实现对行驶路径的精准规划。     

磁珠富集法制备大口鲶的微卫星分子标记

2004年3月16日-6月8日，在广东广远渔业集团有限公司玻璃钢大滚筒冷海水金枪鱼延绳钓渔船“华远渔19”号，对印度洋马尔代夫海域进行金枪鱼渔业调查。所获数据资料包括：①CTD测定的温度、盐度和深度数据，TDR测定的实际钩深；②作业参数，包括每次作业的钩数、投绳位置、投绳时间、航向、航速、出绳速度、两浮子间的钩数、起绳位置、起绳时间等；③渔场环境数据，包括风速、风向、钓具对地漂移速度和方向；④渔获统计，包括大眼金枪鱼的渔获尾数以及部分大眼金枪鱼的钓获钩号；⑤生物学数据，包括起捕时已死的大眼金枪鱼的体温。分析计算的方法和步骤为：①由理论公式推算出每次作业时各钩号的理论深度；②应用逐步回归的方法，建立理论钩深与实测的平均钩深之间的数学关系模型；③根据实际平均钩深模型计算出每个钓钩的平均作业深度；④根据CTD测得的作业地点的温度、盐度的垂直分布（41次），获得分布曲线。由此，以计算的钩深，从曲线上查出该尾鱼捕获水深处的温、盐数据；⑤根据121尾大眼金枪鱼的取样数据，推算出各水层、水温段、盐度段的渔获率；⑥根据起捕时已死的34尾大眼金枪鱼（鱼体发硬）的体温、以死鱼体温为引数，在曲线上查出该尾鱼捕获水深和盐度；最后，对钓获的大眼金枪鱼的钓获水层、水温和盐度进行了总体分析。分析结果表明：在马尔代夫海域，捕获大眼金枪鱼的水层为50～210m、水温范围为13．0～29．9℃、盐度范围为35．00～35．79；渔获率最高的水层为70～90m、水温范围为27．0～27．9oC、盐度范围为35．70～35．79；捕获时已死鱼的捕获水层、水温和盐度推算数据为63～203m、14．0～27．0℃和34．94～35．42，主要集中在63～134m、16．0～27．0℃和35．30～35．42。     

Screening for periodontal disease in research dogs - a methodology study

Background

It has been shown that the prevalence of both clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥1 mm and pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm is relatively high even in younger dogs, but also that only a minority of the dogs have such clinical signs of periodontal disease (PD) in more than a few teeth. Hence, a minority of dogs carry the major PD burden. These epidemiological features suggest that screening for PD in larger groups of dogs, allowing for rapid assessment of treatment planning, or for the selection of dogs with or without PD prior to be included in experimental trials, should be possible. CAL is the central variable in assessing PD extent and severity while PPD is the central variable used in treatment planning which make these two variables obvious in a screening protocol with the dual aim of disease identification and treatment planning. The main purpose of the present study in 98 laboratory Beagle dogs was to construct a fast, simple and accurate screening tool, which is highly sensitive for the identification of dogs with PD.

Results

Examination of the maxillary P4, P3, P2, I1 and C would, in this population, result in the identification of 85.5% of all dogs and 96% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm, and 58.9% of all dogs and 82.1% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm.Examination of tooth pairs, all C’s, maxillary I2, M2 and the mandibular P4 would, in this population result in identification of 92.9% of all dogs and 97.3% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm, and 65.5% of all dogs and 83.2% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm. The results presented here only pertain to the present study population.

Conclusions

This screening protocol is suitable for examination of larger groups of laboratory Beagle dogs for PD and our findings indicate that diseased dogs are identified with a high degree of sensitivity. Before this screening can be used in clinical practice, it has to be validated in breeds other than Beagle dogs and in populations with larger age variation.     

武夷山土壤氮素垂直分异规律研究

为探讨武夷山自然保护区土壤氮素的垂直分异规律,在武夷山自然保护区不同海拔的林分内设立标准地,对不同海拔和土层土壤全氮、水解性氮、铵态氮、硝态氮等指标进行测定,分析土壤不同氮素的垂直分异规律。结果表明,武夷山自然保护区0-20 cm土层土壤全氮、水解性氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量总体上随海拔高度的升高呈增加趋势,而20-40 cm及40-60 cm土层不同形态氮素含量随着海拔高度的变化呈现一定的波动;在土壤剖面垂直分布上,土壤全氮、水解性氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量随着土层深度的增加呈下降趋势,土层深度对土壤不同氮素含量的影响达显著水平,但土壤全氮含量在不同土层间的差异规律不明显。     

悬链线和抛物线理论在金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中的应用

本文依次用悬链线和抛物线理论分析推导了金枪鱼延绳钓具的两种投放方法以及在渔场各水层相同流态下钓具充分沉降后所有钓钩位置包括深度和相互间水平间距的计算公式 ,可用于作业参考。     

Visualisation of standardized life-history patterns

The life‐history patterns of fish and invertebrate species are complex. But much of this complexity can be captured in simple diagrams of coastal transects, where juveniles usually occur in larger numbers in shallow waters, while adults generally inhabit deeper, offshore waters. Iconographic representations of generalized life‐history patterns and depth profiles, with specific key life‐history parameters can capture much of these standardized patterns, including spawning areas, nursery/juvenile distributions, adult distributions and spawning migrations. Several examples presented here from a wide range of habitats and ecosystems (temperate and tropical waters, demersal, deep water, pelagic and coral reefs), including an example of different stocks of the same species, illustrate some general patterns with regard to water depth and distance from shore. The present approach should be viewed as a first step towards obtaining standardized patterns about key life‐history parameters, and will hopefully lead to incorporation into management of life‐history interconnectivity between different fishery sectors or gears. This may contribute to sustainable, ecosystem‐based approaches to management by informing policy options when faced with decisions to rationalize overcapitalized fisheries.     

南海灯光罩网沉降性能研究

根据2013年3月至4月南海灯光罩网渔船测定的沉降深度数据及搜集的渔船操作数据和海洋环境数据,对南海灯光罩网沉降深度和沉降速度与时间的关系进行了研究,并构建多元线性回归模型分析了灯光罩网最大沉降深度与放网时间、海流速度等因子的影响关系。结果显示:(1)网口纲一边沉降过程中沉降深度呈现两端深中间浅的趋势,网口纲两端最大沉降深度基本一致;(2)网口纲一边沉降速度呈现两端快中间慢的趋势,网口纲两端沉降速度都在10 m水深达到最大,而网口纲中部在5 m水深达到最大;(3)网具沉降深度与时间的关系式为H=-0.0008t2+0.4766t+1.2063(R2=0.9985),网具沉降速度与时间的关系式为:V=-1E-07t2-0.0018t+0.5269(R2=0.8813);(4)多元线性回归分析显示放网时间、风流向夹角、绞纲时间对网具最大沉降深度影响极为显著(P0.001),而海流速度、风力对网具最大沉降深度影响不太显著(P0.1);且各影响因子之间不存在多重共线性(κ=2.396100)。可为改善南海灯光罩网沉降性能提供参考,并为海上生产提供指导。     

You cannot conserve a species that has not been found: The case of the marine sponge Axinella polypoides in Liguria,Italy

1. Detailed knowledge about the distribution of species in need of protection is required for the management of Marine Protected Areas, a major tool to reduce marine biodiversity loss. Such knowledge is deficient for most marine invertebrates.
2. Axinella polypoides is a marine sponge included on the list of protected species by the Barcelona Convention (1976) and the Bern Convention (1987). This large and erect species has an important ecological role in habitat forming and benthic–pelagic coupling.
3. Bathymetrical, geographical and ecological data over the last 60 years were collated from publications and reports, together with new surveys to assess the distribution and protection status in Liguria of A. polypoides. It identified a more widespread distribution than previously thought, which points at a general need for dedicated investigations on the occurrence of species that require protection.
4. Bathymetrical distribution was trimodal, with peaks corresponding to different geomorphological settings: coastal cliff bases (around 38 m depth), inner shelf shoals (52 m) and rocks amidst coarse sediment on the outer shelf (79 m). Density was significantly greater at the shallowest depths. The species was mostly found in the coralligenous biocoenosis, in association with other characteristic species or forming a monospecific facies.
5. On (sub)vertical cliffs, A. polypoides often exhibited an unusual cane shape, rather than the typical bushy morphology, thus causing confusion with the congeneric A. cannabina, a more southern species. Records of the latter in the Ligurian Sea therefore need confirmation.
6. Only a minority (22.6%) of A. polypoides records were in Marine Protected Areas, the remainder being located in areas with no current environmental protection plans in place. While the occurrence of this species in MPAs remained stable over the decades, the only quantitative historical data available indicated that populations in non-protected areas were declining owing to anthropogenic impacts (fishing and anchoring).