鸡白痢沙门氏菌病原的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为鉴定新疆某些地区鸡白痢沙门氏菌主要流行株的流行现状和耐药情况,本研究采用平板凝集试验方法对有发病史的种鸡场进行现场检测,被检的750只鸡中,发现78例疑似鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染,运用沙门氏菌鉴别培养基、组织病理学观察和PCR方法进行确诊,并进行药敏试验。结果显示,疑似的78例鸡白痢沙门氏菌中有69例符合鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生化特性和病理学特点,PCR成功扩增出invA基因,分离率为9.2%,血清型诊断为D1型;其中分离菌对万古霉素和新霉素耐药性最高,耐药率分别为100.0%和81.2%,而对头孢曲松、克拉维酸和多黏菌素的敏感率达60.0%以上。本研究为养殖户和兽医工作者在净化鸡白痢沙门氏菌及临床用药方面提供参考。     

一种病毒感染引起半滑舌鳎腹水症的病理学观察

利用石蜡切片技术和电镜技术对患有腹水症的半滑舌鳎Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther主要组织器官进行了组织病理学观察与分析.结果表明:感染腹水症的半滑舌鳎全身主要的组织器官都发生了不同程度的病理变化,其中鳍部皮肤出现血红细胞浸润和淤积;鳃小叶上皮细胞空泡变性,柱状细胞发生炎症;肝胰脏和肾脏都出现了局灶性的组织坏死和溃烂,组织间充满空泡变性的细胞,超微病理观察发现大量病毒粒子;心脏的心肌组织出现固缩和局灶性溃烂;胆囊壁浆膜层结缔组织增生,毛细血管充血;消化道黏膜层和黏膜固有层分离,黏膜固有层成纤维细胞固缩或水样变性,致密层变疏松.根据病理学研究结果初步分析认为,一种未知病毒可能是半滑舌鳎腹水症的主要致病原.     

草莓品种对白粉病菌抗性的组织病理学研究

以4个生产上主栽草莓品种为试材,采用曲利苯兰透明染色法,系统研究了草莓白粉病菌在不同抗性草莓品种上侵染过程的组织学特征。结果表明,草莓白粉病菌的侵染过程可分为：分生孢子萌发、附着胞形成、侵入寄主产生吸器、菌丝扩展和分生孢子链产生。而草莓不同品种对白粉菌的抗性表现在附着胞产生后的各侵染阶段,随品种抗病性增强,病菌侵入率降低,吸器数目减少,菌丝扩展缓慢,分生孢子数目减少。     

柔软滨麦草及其杂交后代抗条锈性的组织病理学研究

 对柔软滨麦草及其与感病亲本普通小麦7182的异染色体后代抗小麦条锈菌的组织病理学研究结果显示,柔软滨麦草叶面没有锈菌侵染点形成,且抗病表型为免疫型,因此其抗锈性完全表现为锈菌侵入前的非寄主抗病性。而其后代具有锈菌侵入前、侵入中、侵入后不同阶段的寄主抗锈性,侵入前的抗锈性表现为气孔的运动和气孔下的荧光物对芽管正确定向和附着胞分化的影响,侵入中和侵入后的抗锈性表现为伴随寄主细胞坏死的侵入中断和菌落败育。     

高剂量单宁酸对断奶仔猪血液学参数、脏器指数和组织病理学的影响

本试验通过研究高剂量单宁酸对断奶仔猪血液学参数、脏器指数和组织病理学的影响,来评估高剂量单宁酸用于断奶仔猪饲粮的安全性。选取21日龄左右的杜长大(DLY)断奶仔猪144头,按照性别和体重采用随机完全区组设计分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪,公母各占1/2):对照组仔猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验组仔猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2%、1.0%和2.0%单宁酸(提取自五倍子,等量代替基础饲粮中的豆粕)的试验饲粮。预试期5 d,正试期28 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加1.0%和2.0%的单宁酸显著提高了血液中红细胞数量(P<0.05),对血红蛋白浓度和红细胞压积有提高趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);此外,血液中红细胞数量、血红蛋白浓度和红细胞压积与单宁酸添加剂量呈显著的线性正相关(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加0.2%、1.0%和2.0%的单宁酸对血清中白蛋白浓度有提高的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);血清中谷草转氨酶活性随着单宁酸添加剂量的增加而线性提高(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加1.0%和2.0%的单宁酸显著降低了肝脏指数(P<0.05),且肝脏指数随着单宁酸添加剂量的增加而线性降低(P<0.05);饲粮添加0.2%的单宁酸对脾脏指数有降低趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);饲粮添加0.2%和1.0%的单宁酸对肾脏指数有降低趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),且肾脏指数随着单宁酸添加剂量的增加先降低后增高,有二次回归趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。4)饲粮添加0.2%、1.0%和2.0%的单宁酸均未导致断奶仔猪的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、直肠、胸腺和胰腺等组织发生病变;饲粮添加2.0%的单宁酸导致肠系膜淋巴结中局部淋巴小结生发中心扩张。由此可见,饲粮添加0.2%、1.0%和2.0%的单宁酸虽然降低了断奶仔猪的肝脏指数,但对断奶仔猪的血液学参数和组织病理学无明显的负面影响,表明饲粮中添加低于2.0%的单宁酸对断奶仔猪是相对安全的。     

A REVIEW OF PRIMARY LUNG TUMORS IN THE DOG AND CAT

Primary pulmonary carcinomas are being encountered with increasing frequency in older dogs and cats. The most common presenting complaint in the canine is a nonproductive cough of several weeks' duration, but many affected animals have no abnormal clinical signs in the early stages of the disease. A solitary mass that arises from a single focus in the peripheral pulmonary tissue is the most frequently observed radiographic sign of a primary lung tumor. Often a definitive diagnosis can be made only following thoracotomy with removal or biopsy study of the neoplastic tissue. A classification system based on the prevailing histologic pattern may then be used to categorize most primary lung neoplasms as adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, anaplastic carcinomas, or bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Adenocarcinomas are most common in the dog and cat. Only the neoplastic cell type and the presence or absence of metastatic disease have been found to be of value as prognostic indicators. Following wide surgical resection of the pulmonary mass, dogs with pulmonary adenocarcinomas are reported to have a longer mean survival time than animals with other types of primary lung carcinomas.     

Advanced imaging of an incomplete fracture and exostosis of the third metacarpal bone in a young Warmblood horse

A 5-year-old Hanoverian gelding with acute moderate right forelimb lameness underwent nuclear scintigraphy, which identified marked increase in radiopharmaceutical uptake of the proximomedial aspect of the right metacarpus. Ultrasonography and radiography identified sclerosis and exostosis of the proximomedial aspect of the metacarpal bone III in-between the suspensory ligament and the second metacarpal bone, and presence of a suspected fracture. The owner requested euthanasia of the gelding, and post-mortem computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified marked bone sclerosis and thickening of the palmar cortex of the metacarpal III (McIII), presence of an incomplete fracture in the palmar cortex of McIII and expansive exostosis from McIII extending in a palmar direction between the suspensory ligament and the second metacarpal bone. Histopathological examination confirmed the imaging findings of sclerosis and led to final diagnosis of a fracture of the palmar cortex of the McIII associated with an exostosis encroaching the medial aspect of the suspensory ligament. No abnormalities were present in the suspensory ligament or metacarpal bone II (McII).