一种病毒感染引起半滑舌鳎腹水症的病理学观察

利用石蜡切片技术和电镜技术对患有腹水症的半滑舌鳎Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther主要组织器官进行了组织病理学观察与分析.结果表明:感染腹水症的半滑舌鳎全身主要的组织器官都发生了不同程度的病理变化,其中鳍部皮肤出现血红细胞浸润和淤积;鳃小叶上皮细胞空泡变性,柱状细胞发生炎症;肝胰脏和肾脏都出现了局灶性的组织坏死和溃烂,组织间充满空泡变性的细胞,超微病理观察发现大量病毒粒子;心脏的心肌组织出现固缩和局灶性溃烂;胆囊壁浆膜层结缔组织增生,毛细血管充血;消化道黏膜层和黏膜固有层分离,黏膜固有层成纤维细胞固缩或水样变性,致密层变疏松.根据病理学研究结果初步分析认为,一种未知病毒可能是半滑舌鳎腹水症的主要致病原.     

VFB抗烟草花叶病毒活性及对烟草叶片超微结构的影响

【目的】评价植物源病毒抑制剂VFB的抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)活性,并初步探讨其作用机理。【方法】以心叶烟(Nicotiana glutinosaL.)和普通烟(Nicotiana TabacumL.)为寄主材料,采用半叶枯斑法测定了VFB对烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)的体外钝化作用及对TMV初侵染和增殖的抑制作用,并用透射电镜技术研究了VFB对感染TMV烟草叶片超微结构的影响。【结果】VFB对TMV具有明显的体外钝化作用,在对TMV钝化0.5,1和2 h后,其抑制率分别为44.41%,55.62%和64.43%;VFB对TMV侵染心叶烟具有较好的预防作用,其50倍稀释液在24和48 h的抑制率分别达到54.33%和55.60%,均优于对照药剂病毒A;VFB对TMV有一定的治疗作用,其50倍稀释液的抑制率为36.15%,略低于对照药剂病毒A。烟草叶片病理结构的超微观察表明,普通烟感染TMV后,叶片中大部分细胞结构会受到不同程度的破坏,经VFB处理的烟草,花叶症状减轻,叶片中的TMV粒子显著减少,叶绿体和线粒体的解体症状减轻,并产生大量嗜锇颗粒和膜体。【结论】VFB对TMV具有较好的抑制作用。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌病原的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为鉴定新疆某些地区鸡白痢沙门氏菌主要流行株的流行现状和耐药情况,本研究采用平板凝集试验方法对有发病史的种鸡场进行现场检测,被检的750只鸡中,发现78例疑似鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染,运用沙门氏菌鉴别培养基、组织病理学观察和PCR方法进行确诊,并进行药敏试验。结果显示,疑似的78例鸡白痢沙门氏菌中有69例符合鸡白痢沙门氏菌的生化特性和病理学特点,PCR成功扩增出invA基因,分离率为9.2%,血清型诊断为D1型;其中分离菌对万古霉素和新霉素耐药性最高,耐药率分别为100.0%和81.2%,而对头孢曲松、克拉维酸和多黏菌素的敏感率达60.0%以上。本研究为养殖户和兽医工作者在净化鸡白痢沙门氏菌及临床用药方面提供参考。     

中华绒螯蟹亲蟹纤毛虫病组织病理及其防治研究

１９９６年春,对辽宁地区中华绒螯蟹亲蟹体内的纤毛虫病进行了组织病理观察,并做了几种药物的防治实验。结果发现,此虫不仅大量寄生于蟹鳃和消化道,还侵蚀肝脏、生殖腺、心脏和肌肉等器官组织,致使亲蟹停止摄食,活动力减弱,呼吸困难,直至窒息而死亡。药物试验结果表明：孔雀石绿６￣１０ｇ／ｍ＾３和甲醛溶液（体积分数为３６％）１００￣２００ｍＬ／ｍ＾３在３０ｍｉｎ内均可有效杀灭此虫;１００ｇ／ｍ＾３的制霉菌素在５     

高体革鯻链球菌出血性败血症病原与组织病理的初步研究

从某养殖场患出血性败血症的高体革     

杂交鲟出血病病原的分离鉴定与组织病理学观察

为确定重庆彭水地区杂交鲟患病死亡的原因,从患病鲟肝中分离到一株优势菌CQST-2,对其进行形态学观察、人工感染、理化特性测定、分子生物学鉴定、毒力基因检测与药敏试验,进一步对患病组织进行病理观察。结果表明,该菌为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,感染健康杂交鲟可复现与自然患病鱼类似病症;16S rRNA、gyrB、rpoB和cpn60基因与维氏气单胞菌的同源性分别达99.7%、99.9%、99.4%和99.8%,构建的系统发育树与维氏气单胞菌聚为一支;在水温为(22±1)℃时,对杂交鲟的半数致死量LD₅₀为2.0×10⁵ CFU·g^-1;毒力基因检测发现,该菌携带ompA、act、aer、hlyA和alt等5种基因;病理组织观察发现,患病鱼肝细胞结构模糊,肝血窦扩张充血,肠绒毛坏死脱落,肌肉层充血,鳃小片弯曲,上皮细胞增生。药敏试验表明,菌株CQST-2对氧氟沙星、氟苯尼考等18种药物高度敏感,对麦迪霉素、吉他霉素、青霉素等9种抗菌药物耐药。研究结果表明,菌株CQST-2是杂交鲟的致病菌,该菌对杂交鲟具有较强的致病性,可引起多个器官发生病变。     

Clinicopathological features of 11 suspected outbreaks of bovine adenovirus infection and development of a real-time quantitative PCR to detect bovine adenovirus type 10

CASE HISTORY: A retrospective study was conducted to investigate 11 outbreaks of presumptive fatal adenovirus infection diagnosed through two New Zealand diagnostic laboratories during 2014 and 2015. Outbreaks occurred in 6–12-month-old Friesian or Friesian cross cattle during autumn, winter and spring. Individual outbreaks were short in duration, with mortality rates ranging from 3/250 to 20/600 (1.2 to 3.3%).

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs included severe diarrhoea, depression, recumbency, and death. Post-mortem examination revealed congestion and oedema of the alimentary tract and fluid to haemorrhagic intestinal contents. Histopathological lesions were characterised by congestion and haemorrhage of the alimentary tract mucosa, oedema of the submucosa, and mild interstitial inflammation in the kidneys. Large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were identified in vascular endothelial cells of the alimentary tract in 11/11 cases and of the kidney in 8/9 cases.

MOLECULAR TESTING: A real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was designed to detect bovine adenovirus type 10 (BAdV-10) using hexon gene sequences available in GenBank. DNA extracted from a field case and confirmed by sequencing was used as a positive control. The qPCR had a reaction efficiency of 101% (R²=0.99) and the limit of detection was <10 DNA copies/reaction. The qPCR detected BAdV-10 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from 10/11 cases. DNA sequencing of PCR products from nine of these cases showed them to be identical to BAdV-10 sequences in GenBank. For the PCR-negative case, the PCR product had a hexon sequence 99% similar to bovine adenovirus Wic isolate Ma20-1, a close relative of BadV-10.

DIAGNOSIS: Bovine adenovirus type 10 was identified in FFPE tissues from cattle with histopathological evidence of adenovirus infection.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bovine adenoviruses, and especially BAdV-10, should be considered in the differential diagnosis for acute enteric disease and death in young cattle. The qPCR detected BAdV-10 from FFPE tissue of cattle with suspected adenoviral infection diagnosed by histopathology. However results should be interpreted in light of clinical and pathological findings due to the possibility of adenovirus shedding by healthy cattle and the presence of pathogenic adenoviruses other than BAdV-10.