高效毛细管电泳同时测定4种氟喹诺酮类抗菌药

建立同时测定4种氟喹诺酮类抗菌物(左氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、沙拉沙星和洛美沙星)的高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)法。考察了缓冲液离子浓度和pH、分离电压、运行温度等电泳参数,确立了最佳的电泳条件:缓冲液为10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾-20 mmol/L硼砂(pH9.0,内含35mmol/L SDS),紫外检测波长278 nm,分离电压28 kV,运行温度25℃。结果表明,4种药物在8min内得到完全分离,分离度R为1.2以上。方法精密度(RSD)为0.22%~0.26%(迁移时间)和1.36%~2.39%(峰面积),回收率99.60%以上。该法快速、简便、准确。     

不同覆盖方式对苹果园土壤状况及果树生长与果实的影响

【目的】研究渭北旱塬地区苹果园内不同覆盖方式对果园土壤水分、养分、果树生长及结果情况的影响。【方法】以"长富2号"苹果为研究对象,设置覆黑膜、覆白膜和生草覆盖3个覆盖处理,以清耕为对照(CK),定点在果树1年内的不同生长期测定土壤0~40cm土层的土壤体积含水率,同时采集土壤样品测定其养分含量;在果实成熟时,测定果树生长量以及果实产量和品质等指标。【结果】土壤体积含水率在对照、覆白膜和覆黑膜处理间的变化趋势一致,均呈先降后升最后趋于稳定,覆黑膜处理的变化相对较小;而生草覆盖处理不同,呈现出先升后降再升的变化趋势。在初始养分条件基本相等的情况下,随着处理时间的延长,生草覆盖处理可以提高土壤养分含量,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾较处理之初依次提高14.6%,13.8%,19.7%,6.32%和14.2%;而覆膜处理能稳定土壤养分含量,其各养分参数在生长期变化不大;清耕处理土壤养分降低,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾依次降低7.92%,1.74%,29.0%,33.8%和29.8%。覆白膜、黑膜和生草覆盖处理的新枝生长量依次比对照提高24.5%,34.2%和20.5%,叶面积依次增加9.58%,11.5%和5.75%,叶绿素含量依次提高6.03%,6.56%和11.5%。3种覆盖方式均提高了苹果的产量和品质。【结论】覆盖措施能够保持土壤水分,改善土壤养分状况,覆黑膜处理时的保水性最稳定,而生草覆盖能够调节土壤水分且显著改善土壤养分状况;覆盖对苹果树生长和苹果产量、品质起到促进作用,覆黑膜有利于苹果产量的提高,而生草覆盖更有利于苹果树的生长和苹果品质的提高。     

石参引种示范及高产栽培技术推广工作总结

就梅县石参引种示范及高产栽培技术推广工作进行总结和分析。     

Safety of Improved Milbond-TX When Fed in Broiler Diets Limiting in Available Phosphorus or Containing Variable Levels of Metabolizable Energy

Improved Milbond-TX (IMTX), a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, was added to broiler diets at 0, 1, or 2% in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, three concentrations of available P, 0.22, 0.32, and 0.42%, were combined with the IMTX in isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal-based diets and fed to male broilers for 21 d. In experiment 2, the IMTX was added to isonitrogenous broiler diets calculated to contain 2,940, 3,020, or 3,100 kcal of ME/kg and also fed for 21 d. Deficient dietary P reduced feed intake and BW at 7, 14, and 21 d of age, but IMTX had no effect even when fed at 8 times the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.25%) to ameliorate the toxic effects of feed mycotoxins. Similarly, increasing the energy level of the diet resulted in improved BW and feed conversion, but IMTX fed at 8 times the amount recommended by the manufacturer had no detrimental effect on chick performance. There was no interaction found between IMTX and energy or available P for any performance measure. Addition of IMTX to the diet above the recommended concentration of the manufacturer also had no detrimental effect on percentage of toe ash or excreta moisture.     

柴油发动机水温过高故障诊断排除

柴油机水温过高,会导致车辆动力下降、加速不良等问题发生.文章介绍了柴油发动机冷却系的作用、结构和工作原理,阐述了柴油发动机水温过高的主要原因,提出了柴油发动机水温过高故障排除步骤,通过故障实例排除分析,使大家进一步了解发动机水温过高的危害.     

实生板栗高接换冠技术的研究

采用多种嫁接方法在改造大龄实生板栗上进行不同时间和嫁接时对树冠的不同处理的试验，结果表明，应用挖骨皮接、插皮接、切腹接的最佳时期是在树体萌芽前１０ｄ至萌芽期（即３月中旬左右），段木芽接法宜在３月上旬前进行为好；１树１桩嫁接成活率较１树多桩低，当１树少于４桩嫁接时，适当留１～２个辅养枝可提高成活率，且对接芽生长影响不大．     

蔗田生态高效模式的研究与利用

介绍了蔗田生态系统的结构与特点，分析了弥勒蔗田7种生态高效模式的经济效益及示范推广情况，并提出了蔗田生态高效模式的调控措施，包括精细整地，合理选配间套作物品种，充分利用立体空间，规格化种植，配套相应的栽培管理技术等。     

Fatty Acid Porfiles of Farm-Raised Catfish Fillet:

Fatty acid profiles of the total lipids and the phospholipid classes of farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets were analyzed. Monoenes represented 49.22 mol% of the total lipid fatty acids while polyunstaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accounted for 19.37 mol%. The total n-3 PUFA content was low (4.22 mol%). The total saturated fatty acids as 31.44 mol %. Catfish contained phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SPH). Analysis for the individual phospholipid class fatty acid profiles indicated that PI had a high concentration of 18:0 (33.20 mol%) and 20:4 n-6 (13.08 mol%). Phosphatidylethanolamine had the highest concentrations of combined eicosapentaenoic acid, and docoshahexaenoic acid, of 17.37 mol%. Higher ratios of n-3/n-6 PUFA were found in the phospholipid classes than the total lipids. LPC and SPH did not contain measurable PUFA of the n-3 series. The level of 18:1 n-9 in PC, PE, and LPC was approximately 31 mol% whereas in PI, PS, and SPH, the level was approximately 16 mol%. The understanding of the basic distribution of fatty acids in the individual phospholipid classes of channel catfish may be an essential first step in explaining the protective role of 18:1 n-9 and n-3 PUFA against thrombotic and cardiovascular disorder in humans.     

商洛市核桃低产幼树高接换优技术

通过对商洛市核桃低产实生幼树采取薄膜包扎、报纸遮荫插皮舌接或装土保湿插皮舌接技术方法的示范和推广,总结出了适合商洛市核桃低产幼树高接换优技术措施,并在生产中广泛推广应用。