11种蓑蛾幼虫的分类：鳞翅目：蓑蛾科

利用蓑蛾科老熟幼虫头部的Ｆ１、ＡＦ、ＡＦ２笔 和Ｆａ，ＡＦａ孔的相对着生位置，３对胸足的长度，第８和第９节上Ｄ１、Ｄ２、ＳＤ１３对毛片的愈合程度，臀板上刚毛的，结合幼虫身体的大小、颜色以及袋囊的外部形态特征，鉴定了在中国已发现的１１种蓑蛾的幼虫。     

放牧羊线虫粪检虫卵与虫荷量相关动态的研究

对一周岁放牧绵羊同步进行为期一年的虫卵、成虫、寄生阶段幼虫动态观察。发现羊只线虫总荷量除７～９月份出现明显低谷、１２月份出现显著高峰外，其它月份均在较高水平波动。暖季宿主体内成虫占优势与虫卵排放升高季节吻合；冷季宿主体内寄生阶段幼虫居优势与虫卵排放低潮期吻合。经过对研究结果的分析，初步探索了对羊线虫病预测预报的可能性与可行性。     

A critical consideration of the metamorphosis zone when identifying daily rings in otoliths of European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.)

Otoliths of glass eels and larvae collected from the Rio Minho (Portugal/Spain) as well as from the Iberian continental slope from the Bay of Biscay were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary data are presented on the total radius of the otolith and the width of the zone exhibiting a diffuse structure which, in the literature, is suggested to be the zone of metamorphosis. It was found that the radius increased from the development stage I through stage II to the glass eel stage (Vb). The width of the diffuse zone also exhibited an increase. Calculations of the dimensions of the diffuse zone of specimens older than stage I revealed that the area of metamorphosis amounts to about 28–60% of the total diffuse zone. From these results it is evident that part of the diffuse zone must have formed during a larval phase of retarded growth, during which no formation of daily growth rings takes place. Only the outer portion of the diffuse zone can be accounted for by the metamorphosis. For these reasons, an exact age determination by counting daily rings seems impossible. A determination of the oceanic life of the eel recruits is difficult for other reasons too: all earlier and recent studies have indicated that Anguilla leptocephali and their metamorphosis stages do not occur on the continental shelf, which could add an additionally high amount of time needed until arrival at the coasts.     

Occurrence of different serotypes of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in retail pork and fish.

Retail pork (38 samples), cod (10 samples) and herring (10 samples) were obtained from 12 stores in the area of Lund in southern Sweden during September and October 1990. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from 50% of the pork samples, 60% of the cod samples and from 30% of the samples from herring. Serotype 2 dominated on retail pork as well as on fish samples constituting 53% of the pork isolates (10 strains) and 33% of the cod isolates (2 strains). All E. rhusiopathiae isolates originating from herring were serotype 2 (3 strains). Serotypes 1b, 6, and 8 were isolated from retail pork only (6, 2 and 1 strains, respectively). Serotype 5 was isolated from cod only (3 strains) and so was serotype 9 (1 strain). The public health hazards with the occurrence of virulent strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in retail pork and fish are discussed.     

甲醛对果蝇发育和繁殖的影响

甲醛已被广泛用于人们的日常生活中,成为室内环境的主要污染源。为探讨甲醛对动物不同发育阶段的毒性,本文以模式生物果蝇Drosophila melanogaster为对象,研究了饲料中添加不同浓度甲醛对果蝇生长发育的影响。结果显示,当对照组发育至3龄幼虫(孵化后3d)时,与未添加甲醛的对照组相比,饲料中添加0.25%或0.50%的甲醛极显著降低了幼虫的体重(P<0.01),添加了0.50%甲醛的饲料组中发育出来的雌、雄成蝇体重也显著低于对照组,其中雌虫体重的差异达到极显著水平。此外,饲料中添加甲醛,还显著延长了幼虫发育的时间,即从胚胎到化蛹的发育时间、胚胎到羽化的发育时间都极显著长于对照组(P<0.01),而其蛹期变态发育时间在对照组和各实验组之间没有显著差异。饲料中添加甲醛,还极显著降低了果蝇的产卵量(P<0.01)。综上结果表明,饲料中含有甲醛可显著降低果蝇的发育速度,影响果蝇的生长和繁殖力,但对果蝇蛹期变态发育过程没有显著影响。     

花生播种期施用绿僵茵防治蛴螬的研究

本文研究金龟子绿僵菌MetarhiziumanisopliaeM202．1菌株对花生蛴螬的防治效果。室内生物测定表明,在含有绿僵菌5×10^6、10×10^6和20~10。孢子．g^-1土壤中,暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichiaparallela幼虫死亡率分别为22．4％、41,1％和74．4％,高浓度下LT50为11．9d。盆栽试验中,在播种花生时进行土壤施菌。施药处理,并在花生开花时进行接虫对比处理,结果显示：对照土壤中接虫处理的蛴螬为害可造成花生好果数减少29．2％,果重减轻26．1％,虫果增加率达28．1％;土壤施菌后接虫条件下虫果增加率为20．7％,比对照减少7．4％;但不论接虫与否,花生好果数及果重与对照土壤不接虫处理的差异均不显著;辛硫磷处理对蛴螬有较好的直接控制作用,但使花生结荚数减少;1／2剂量绿僵菌加1／2剂量辛硫磷混合处理不能很好控制虫害。田间试验显示,播种时绿僵菌能有效控制蛴螬为害,收获期花生的好果数和果重都提高40％左右,显著高于对照,虫果率降低10．9％;绿僵菌的防治效果显著高于辛硫磷。     

中华绒螯蟹土池人工生态育苗水质调控的研究

研究了pH对中华绒螯蟹Eriocheirsinensis溞状幼体Ⅱ期(Z2)变态的影响,即pH为5 5～9 6时Z2期幼体可变态,最适pH为7 0～9 1。监测了施用漂白粉后池水中有效氯的衰减及pH日变化情况,结果表明,18mg/L的有效氯29h基本衰减完毕;施用漂白粉后,池水pH先升高,最高达9 20,5d后接近原海水的pH值。室外土池泼洒1 0mg/L的敌百虫,失效时间为3d。在温度(16±2)℃、盐度28的条件下,对利氏才女虫Polydoraligni进行了pH适应性试验和不同pH下总氨氮的急性毒性试验,结果表明:利氏才女虫在pH为10 0时,24h内虽可存活,但已产生不良影响;在pH为8 5、9 0、9 5、10 0时,总氨氮对多毛类的24LC50分别为31 77、11 26、3 18、0 32mg/L。并根据试验结果,总结出一套适合于河蟹生态育苗池和轮虫培养池生态调控水质的方法。     

桑蚕幼虫中肠细胞腺苷三磷酸酶活性的细胞化学

用电镜细胞化学技术研究了桑蚕五龄幼虫中肠组织细胞中ＡＴＰａｓｅ的亚细胞分布。ＡＴＰａｓｅ仅大量分布在中肠圆筒形细胞的微绒毛和杯形细胞在肠腔的开口处、肠壁肌肉的肌质膜上、部分细胞的细胞质膜和细胞器及细胞质中．ＡＴＰａｓｅ的这种分布状态与细胞的功能紧密相关．     

油松毛虫食叶量及排粪量的测定

油松毛虫一生取食针叶长度2065～2255cm,干重7.5057g。雌虫取食针叶长度2442cm～2780cm,重干8.8951～10.0119g;雄虫取食长度1688～1930cm,干重6.0988～7.0070g。 蛹重与食叶量密切相关:y=-0.6440+0.2633x。幼虫一生排粪2560粒,干重6.4503g。雌虫排粪2613粒,干重7.6703g,雄虫排粪2580粒,干重5.2300g。各龄虫粪大小及百粒虫粪重随虫龄而增大,并且比较稳定,可依此测定虫龄。这些测定结果为制定油松毛虫的防治指标提供了重要依据。