大连市的摇蚊科幼虫及新记录

根据1985—1987年4至7月,在大连市5个区。16个地点调查、采集摇蚊科幼虫,经鉴定分类于4亚科16属。共28种,其中有10种为国内新记录。即:喀氏粗腹摇蚊Peloia Kratzia Kieff。伤残长跗摇蚊Tanytarsusmancua Wulp、劳氏长跗摇蚊Tanytarsus Lauterborni Kieff、簇状长咐摇蚊Tanytarsus gregarius kieff、云斑乡足摇蚊Polypedilum nubeclutsum Meigen、多足摇蚊Polypedilum sp Lipina、三齿沼摇蚊LimnoChironomus .friromus Kieff.神经沼摇蚊LimnoChironomus (?) staeg.污秽刀突摇蚊Psectrocladius Sordiellus(Zettertedt)棒脉摇蚊Corynoneura sP.文中对大连市摇蚊科幼虫作了检索外,对国内首次记录种类进行了简要形态描述,同时也对大连市摇蚊的分布作了简介。     

Digestibility and safety of dry black soldier fly larvae meal and black soldier fly larvae oil in dogs

Two trials were conducted to assess the acceptance, safety and digestibility of diets containing various inclusion levels of partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) meal and BSFL oil by dogs. In trial 1, 5 extruded diets were evaluated for acceptance in adult Beagle dogs (n = 20; 10 male, 10 female) during a 48-hr period. Diets contained graded levels of BSFL meal (5.0%, 10.0%, and 20.0%), or graded levels of BSFL oil (2.5% and 5.0%), and all diets were well accepted. Thus, a digestibility trial (trial 2) was run with 56 adult dogs (16 male, 40 female) allocated into 7 dietary treatments; dogs were offered an extruded control diet containing no BSFL meal or oil, or extruded diets where BSFL meal partially replaced poultry by-product meal and corn meal at dietary levels of 5%, 10%, or 20% inclusion, or diets with BSFL oil partially replacing poultry fat at a 1:1 ratio at levels of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% inclusion. The treatment diets were fed for 28 d, during which time dogs were monitored for health (via physical examinations, clinical observations, and blood chemistry and hematology) and ingredient evaluation (via body weight, feed consumption, stool observation, and fecal nutrient apparent total tract digestibility). There were no significant differences in body weight or food consumption between treatment groups (P > 0.05) and daily observations indicated that the general health of the animals was maintained throughout the study. Stool quality was maintained at 3.2 to 3.4 (on a 5-point scale with a score of 1 being watery diarrhea and a score of 5 being hard, dry, and crumbly) per treatment group over the fecal observation period (days 22 to 27), indicating a well formed, sticky stool. All group mean hematology and blood chemistry parameters remained within normal limits for dogs. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, and calories was not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). In general, amino acid digestibility was not impacted by treatment although some minor changes were observed. Apparent total tract digestibility was high for all nutrients examined. Overall, it was concluded that BSFL meal and BSFL oil are well tolerated by dogs and their consumption results in no impact to physiology that would be concerning. Based on these data, BSFL meal and oil did not affect general health and could be included safely in dog diets.     

两种斑皮蠹幼虫头部化学感觉器的形态比较

用扫描电镜观察谷斑皮蠢 Trogoderma granarium 和花斑皮蠢 T.variabile 幼虫头部化学感觉器。在触角端部,谷斑皮蠢幼虫有2个栓状感觉器,花斑皮蠢幼虫有一个栓状感觉器;在下颚须端部,两种幼虫均有10个栓状感觉器;在下唇须端部,谷斑皮蠢幼虫有10个栓状感觉器,花斑皮幼虫有6个栓锥状感觉器和4个栓状感觉器。作者认为昆虫幼虫头部化学感觉器的形态特征可用于幼虫的分类和鉴定。     

赤点石斑鱼仔稚幼鱼的形态发育和生长

通过赤点石斑鱼各个发育期的仔稚幼鱼连续取样,系统地观察了仔稚幼鱼各个发育期的形态变化及生长特征,并进行描图。赤点石斑鱼初孵仔鱼全长1．35－1．45mm。稚鱼第6－7d长出特别伸长的背鳍第2鳍棘和腹鳍棘,其长度与全长之比在第16－18d,全长11mm左右时达到最大值,接近50%,这一形态特点是石斑鱼属仔稚鱼期特有的。以后随着个体的生长和其他鳍棘的伸长,这一比例逐渐减小,直至小于其他鳍棘,这是稚鱼完成变态成为鱼种的重要标志。最早完成变态的稚鱼须在孵化后第35 d,全长30mm以上,但到第45d时,全长24mm的个体也可以完成变态。即使在相同的环境条件下,仔稚幼鱼的个体大小差异也很大,且越到后期差异越大。     

舞毒蛾生物学特性和幼虫发生期测报模型的研究

舞毒蛾在山东省主要危害柿树，多年来发生严重，给生产造成很大损失。防治舞毒蛾的关键时期为幼虫孵化盛期。本文利用3月下旬以后的日平均气温值和柿牙生长长度与舞毒蛾幼虫发生期的模型，Yi＝12．0742X1－139．1908和Yi＝1．1115X2＋0．6642，并进行了生产实例验证，测报值符合率达94％以上。     

用天然饵料培育鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗的研究

连续3年(1989～1991)在总面积48.4亩的12口土池塘中放养鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗(12～20万/亩),采用施肥培养天然饵料、人工投饲(豆浆)和二者结合3种方法饲养。结果表明,浮游动物规格适宜、营养全面、可得性强,用其培育上述几种鱼苗既经济简便,又可使成活率和生长速度提高15％以上。     

条石鲷仔稚鱼发育过程中消化酶活性的变化

研究了条石鲷（Oplegnathus fasciatus）从初孵仔鱼到孵化后33日龄稚鱼期间的胰蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性变化。结果显示：条石鲷初孵仔鱼体内可检测到胰蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,但胰蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力均很低。9日龄仔鱼胰蛋白酶总活力（U/larva）有显著升高,并随发育的进行逐渐升高。28日龄稚鱼酸性蛋白酶和脂肪酶的总活力有显著增大,33日龄稚鱼的蛋白酶和脂肪酶总活力较28日龄稚鱼显著增大。9日龄仔鱼的淀粉酶总活力显著升高,并随发育的进行逐渐增大,但进入稚鱼期后淀粉酶活力随稚鱼生长发育而显著降低。研究表明条石鲷仔稚鱼消化酶活性与其发育阶段及食性密切相关,在早期仔鱼阶段,胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶是起主要消化作用的内源性消化酶。     

兴安落叶松鞘蛾第四龄幼虫和蛹的空间分布

1987年春天,于东北林业大学哈尔滨实验林场、海林林业局三部落经营所、海林县杨子荣烈士陵园及海林县海南林场,共选五块标准地,各抽样调查了30株标准树,每一标准树取4个样枝,以样枝上的叶丛为调查样方,实测样方上的虫数和频次。用分布型频次法和指数法检验结果表明,兴安落叶松鞘蛾第四龄幼虫和蛹属负二项分布和聚集分布。     

4种寡毛实蝇属（Dacus）幼虫酯酶同工酶的研究

作者应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,分析了芒果实蝇Dacus(Bactrocera)occipitalis Bezzi,番石榴实蝇Dacus(Bactrocera) correctus Bezzi,南瓜实蝇 Dacus(Zeugodacus) tau Walker和瓜实蝇 Dacus(Zeugodacus) cucurbitae Coquillett 4种寡毛实蝇属 (Dacus) 幼虫的酯酶同工酶,从而建立了利用酯酶同工酶电泳方法,鉴定和鉴别实蝇幼虫,结果证明,每种实蝇均有其特定的酶谱,据此,可利用这一技术,将上述4种实蝇幼虫加以鉴别。     

配合饲料饲喂大黄鱼鱼种试验

20 0 0年 6月 7日 -7月 1 2日在霞浦县东安海区网箱进行全价配合饲料喂养大黄鱼鱼种试验 .试验分为 A、B、C3个网箱 ,A箱饲喂全价鱼种配合饲料 ,B箱饲喂 5 0 %全价鱼种配合饲料搭配 5 0 %冰鲜鱼是鱼 ,C箱饲喂冰鲜鱼是鱼 .试验结果表明 ,在相同的管理和养殖条件下 ,A、B、C3组饵料系数分别为 1 .41、1 .46和 1 .65 ,增重率分别为 5 5 .5 0 %、5 3 .69%和 43 .67% ,说明 A、B网箱大黄鱼鱼种的生长速度快于 C网箱 ,且养殖成本低