湿地公园景观健康评价体系研究

指出了我国对湿地公园的建设和研究起步较晚,对其功能评价体系、健康评价体系不完善,综述了我国湿地公园健康评价体系研究进展,为建立科学的湿地公园健康评价体系提供参考。     

新形势下动物卫生监督工作如何在食品安全工作中发挥作用

概述了动物卫生监督工作在食品卫生安全中的作用与意义,并根据自身工作中的经验分析了目前基层动物卫生监督工作在保障食品安全中所面临的困难,同时提出了相应的发展对策。     

白僵菌防治甘蔗金龟子试验

试验结果表明,白僵菌与3.6%广谱型杀虫双颗粒剂混合施用,能有效控制金龟子幼虫对蔗根的危害,相对防效达75%～85%,显著或极显著优于单独使用白僵菌或农药处理。     

氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂对人工感染猪胸膜肺炎的临床疗效试验

为了探讨氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的临床治疗效果,确定用药方案,本试验建立体重为15kg±1.5kg的杜×长×大三元杂交商品猪胸膜肺炎人工感染病理模型。以氟苯尼考注射液为对照组,采用氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高(40mg/kg)、中(20mg/kg)和低(10mg/kg)剂量组进行临床治疗与观察。结果表明,氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高、中试验组治愈率均为100%,显著高于低剂量组和药物对照组(P<0.05)。因此,临床治疗推荐采用中(20mg/kg)剂量组,3d1次,连用2次的给药方案。     

Variations in mucous cell numbers in gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presmolt in commercial freshwater farms in Norway

Fish gills are heavily exposed to the external milieu and may react against irritants with different cellular responses. We describe variations in mucous cell counts in gills from healthy Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presmolts in five recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) farms and one flow‐through farm. Based on certain criteria, mucous cells were histologically quantified in a defined lamellar region of the gills and the counts were analysed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to investigate epithelial responses. The median number of total mucous cells in the defined region was 59 per fish. Between the farms, the medians varied from 31 to 101 with the lowest in the flow‐through farm. A regression model was fitted with “total mucous cells” as the dependent variable and with “fish length” and “fish farm” as independent variables. The proportion of variation in mucous cell counts explained by the model was twice as high when “fish farm” was included compared to only “fish length.” IHC revealed proliferative responses in coherence with high mucous cell numbers. Conclusively, the variation in mucous cell counts depends on combined farm‐related factors. Establishing a baseline for mucous cell counts is fundamental in the development of high‐throughput monitoring programmes of gill health in farmed fish.     

Seawater transmission and infection dynamics of pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The Tasmanian salmon industry had remained relatively free of major viral diseases until the emergence of pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV). Originally isolated from wild pilchards, POMV is of concern to the industry as it can cause high mortality in farmed salmon (Salmo salar). Field observations suggest the virus can spread from pen to pen and between farms, but evidence of passive transmission in sea water was unclear. Our aim was to establish whether direct contact between infected and naïve fish was required for transmission, and to examine viral infection dynamics. Atlantic salmon post‐smolts were challenged with POMV by either direct exposure via cohabitation or indirect exposure via virus‐contaminated sea water. POMV was transmissible in sea water and direct contact between fish was not required for infection. Head kidney and heart presented the highest viral loads in early stages of infection. POMV survivors presented low viral loads in most tissues, but these remained relatively high in gills. A consistent feature was the infiltration of viral‐infected melanomacrophages in different tissues, suggesting an important role of these in the immune response to POMV. Understanding POMV transmission and host–pathogen interactions is key for the development of improved surveillance tools, transmission models and ultimately for disease prevention.     

Medicinal plants used in British Columbia, Canada for reproductive health in pets

In 2003, semi-structured interviews were conducted in British Columbia, Canada with participants obtained using a purposive sample on the ethnoveterinary remedies used for animals. Twenty-nine participants provided the information in this paper on the ethnoveterinary remedies used for reproductive health in dogs and cats. The plants used for pregnancy support and milk production in pets were raspberry-leaf (Rubus idaeus), motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale). Uterine infections were treated with black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) and goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis). Most of the studies conducted on these plants have not been conducted on companion animals.     

兽药内服制剂的微生物污染对食品动物健康及兽药临床

为考察兽药中实际存在的微生物对动物健康的影响,对山东省兽药GMP企业生产的粉散剂、颗粒剂产品的微生物污染状况进行抽样调查检测,发现不同的内服给药制剂,其微生物污染水平结果差异显著。在此基础上选择微生物限度严重超标的中药散剂,从中分离细菌、霉菌,拟定不同菌量的污染水平对健康鸡进行饲喂试验。结果表明：试验期间各用菌组试验鸡的精神状况、饮水和采食均未发现异常,试验结束后剖检各用菌液组及空白对照组鸡的心、肝、肾、肠道等,均未发现异常,各组鸡均未出现发病与死亡情况,且各组间增重无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。为进一步考察兽药被微生物污染后对临床疗效的影响,选用微生物限度严重超标的中药散剂鸡康灵微粉,开展对鸡慢性呼吸道病治疗试验,将自然感染鸡随机分为两组,每组1600只,一组鸡服用微生物限度超标的鸡康灵微粉,另一组服用辐射灭菌后的鸡康灵微粉。结果表明：两组治愈率均达90％以上,经x。检验,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,产蛋率均恢复到90％以上。由上述试验可见,兽药不同内服制剂的微生物污染差异显著,且不同的微生物污染水平对动物健康及兽药临床疗效无显著影响,其相关性有待进一步研究。     

Clients’ perceptions of delivery of veterinary services in peri-urban Ghana

A study was designed aimed at comparing the assessment of performance of animal health care delivery systems in peri-urban Ghana by livestock and poultry keepers in 4 locations. 889 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire. A higher proportion of respondents in Location 1 met their needs for animal health by themselves, while in Location 3 these needs were met mainly by veterinarians. The mean distances to veterinary clinics, veterinary technicians or to purchase medicine were significantly higher in Location 1. Higher proportions in 3 locations perceived effectiveness of service delivery to be good. However, equity was poor in all 4 locations. Higher proportions in Locations 2, 3 and 4 said services were unaffordable. Client needs were perceived to have been met by higher proportions in Locations 3 and 4 but not in Locations 1 and 2. Staff attitude and technical competence were good in all 4 locations. The study concluded that the differences reported in the quality of service indicators in the 4 locations were not critical enough to recommend location-specific delivery systems.     

H7亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗的研制及其免疫效果研究

以H7N3亚型禽流感病毒接种鸡胚,收取鸡胚液为抗原研制禽流感病毒灭活疫苗,并对制苗抗原以及疫苗的物理性状、安全性、免疫效力、免疫剂量和保护期等进行了试验,结果表明,该灭活疫苗安全性好,对28日龄鸡的最佳免疫剂量为0.5 mL/只,抗体临界保护值为5log2,免疫后6周HI效价达到高峰值9.4log2,以后逐渐下降,第20周抗体仍能维持较高水平。此外,交叉免疫保护试验表明,同一亚型之间具有良好的免疫保护作用,而亚型间缺乏坚强的交叉保护作用。