蒙古牛颈动脉体的大体解剖和组织学观察

蒙古牛颈动脉体位于枕动脉起始处的外膜结缔组织中,呈粉红色结节状,平均大小约5.8×4.2×2.5mm,接受窦神经、喉前神经、咽神经丛的分支以及颈前神经节和迷走神经的直接分支。光镜观察,实质由许多小球组成,每一小球主要由Ⅰ型球细胞和少量Ⅱ型球细胞组成。Ⅰ型球细胞具有典型的球形核,细胞呈圆形,成簇分布。Ⅱ型球细胞数目少,位于成簇的Ⅰ型球细胞群周围,具有长椭圆形的核,细胞界线不清。在小球中央,尚有成簇的间质细胞,具有大而淡染的核,细胞界线不清。     

艾叶的化学分析及含艾叶饵料对鱼的饲效观察

艾叶含粗蛋白质13.14％,粗脂肪5.69％,粗灰分10.56％,16种氨基酸和钙、磷等14种矿物质元素;其汞(0.028ppm)、砷(0.183ppm)、铅(1.640ppm)含量均未超过国家的粮食等卫生标准。用添加艾叶的颗粒饲料饲喂鱼,水族箱试验鲤鱼鱼种增长率比对照组提高11.65％。池塘试验组1龄鲤、鲢、鳙的增长率分别比对照组提高22.46％、12.61％和21.96％。网箱试验组2龄鲤的增长率比对照组提高12.55％。试验组鲜鱼肉的概略养分、氨基酸、肥满度及汞、砷、铅含量除池塘鱼肉粗蛋白质和粗灰分高于对照组外,其它与对照组比较无明显差异。     

Anatomical study of the ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves in Sapajus apella (Primates: Cebidae)

This study aimed to describe the gross anatomy of the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves in capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and compare with humans and other primate species. Eight specimens, prepared in 10% formalin solution and dissected following routine standard techniques, were used. The animals presented 13–14 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves emerging from the intervertebral foramen and divided into dorsal and ventral rami. The ventral rami of the first 12 or 13 pairs represented intercostal nerves and the latter referred to the subcostal nerve. The intercostal and subcostal nerves gave off muscular and cutaneous branches (lateral and ventral), which promote innervation of muscles and skin associated with the chest and abdominal wall. Atypical anatomy was verified for the 1st, 2nd and 7th to 13th intercostal nerves as well as for the subcostal nerve. The morphological characteristics were similar to those observed in humans and some non‐human primates, especially in the absence of collateral branches.     

Delayed onset vagus nerve paralysis after occipital condyle fracture in a horse

Occipital condylar fractures (OCFs) causing delayed onset lower cranial nerve paralysis (LCNPs) are rare. We present a 7‐year‐old Friesian horse with delayed onset dysphagia caused by vagus nerve (CNX) paralysis and suspicion of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) paralysis developed several days after a minor head injury. Endoscopic examination revealed right laryngeal hemiplegia and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. An area of submucosal hemorrhage and bulging was appreciated over the dorsal aspect of the medial compartment of the right guttural pouch. Radiological examination of the proximal cervical region showed rotation of the atlas and the presence of a large bone fragment dorsal to the guttural pouches. Occipital condyle fracture with delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis was diagnosed. Delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis causing dysphagia might be a distinguishable sign of OCF in horses. Delayed onset dysphagia after head injury should prompt equine clinicians to evaluate the condition of the atlanto‐occipital articulation and skull base.     

Feline Perineal Urethrostomy: A Review of Past and Present Literature

Urethral obstruction is a potentially fatal condition and in cases of recurrent obstruction or an identified cause that is refractory to medical management, a urethrostomy may be performed for definitive treatment. Perineal urethrostomy is the surgical creation of a permanent stoma in the wider pelvic urethra via anastomosis to the perineal skin. Diagnosis of the underlying cause of obstruction, proper perioperative treatment, and an understanding of the anatomy and surgical technique, are imperative to the success of this procedure. This review intends to highlight these aspects, as well as the common complications and expected prognosis to aid decision making in the management of these cases.     

温度对农田黑土氮初级转化速率的影响

为探讨不同温度下土壤氮素的供应、固持和消耗损失过程,从而为农田土壤合理施用氮肥提供科学依据,以黑龙江省农田黑土为对象开展室内培养试验(15、25、35℃,60%WHC),采用15N同位素成对标记技术(~(15)NH_4NO_3和NH415NO3,15N标记丰度为5atom%,氮浓度为60 mg N·kg~(-1))及FLUAZ数值优化模型研究土壤氮初级矿化速率、初级固定速率和初级硝化速率对温度变化的响应。结果表明:在15～35℃范围内,土壤氮初级矿化速率随培养温度的增加显著增加,但25～35℃范围内的增幅小于15～25℃。在15～25℃范围内,土壤氮初级固定速率和初级硝化速率随培养温度的增加显著增加,而在25～35℃范围内土壤氮初级固定速率和初级硝化速率随培养温度的增加显著降低,但仍然显著高于15℃处理。15℃和25℃处理土壤氮初级矿化速率与初级固定速率比值(gm/gi)以及初级硝化速率与初级铵态氮固定速率比值(gn/ia)均稍大于1,两处理间没有显著差异,而35℃处理的gm/gi值和gn/ia值均远大于1。研究表明,温度在15～25℃范围内,土壤有机氮的矿化与固定过程耦联相对紧密,硝态氮累积及淋溶风险较小;而35℃高温条件下土壤有机氮矿化速率和硝化速率均显著大于铵态氮的生物固定速率,表明硝化作用是铵态氮的主要消耗过程,可能会增加硝态氮的累积、反硝化和淋溶风险。     

宁夏平罗盐碱地泥质和砂质排水渠道能耗率变化研究

灌溉排水渠道在开发农田水利工程方面扮演着重要的角色,在防御涝渍灾害和土壤盐碱化等方面起着积极的作用。根据宁夏平罗西大滩地区以白僵土、沙土所铺设成的排水渠道的能耗率特点,采用水槽试验的方法,来分析不同土质排水渠道的稳定性及其侵蚀特征。结果表明：在给定的条件下,泥质排水渠道能耗率大大小于沙质排水渠道,并且能够很快降低能耗率,以达到河道的平衡状态,在排水方面具有相对的高效性,同时泥质渠道比沙质渠道具有更高的稳定性。所以,在宁夏平罗地区盐碱地开发及治理中,宜采用泥质排水渠道。     

利用MODIS数据估测毛竹林总初级生产力

通过集成中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)卫星影像数据与地面通量台站的观测数据,基于遥感的植被光合模型(VPM),估测了浙江省安吉县山川乡2011年的毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林总初级生产力(PGP)。研究表明:VPM模型估测的PGP(PGPVPM)在季节变化趋势上和通量站点数据获得的PGP(PGPobs)保持一致,VPM模型估算的2011年毛竹林总初级生产力为1 848.54 g·m-2,通量塔数据获得的2011年毛竹林总初级生产力为1 899.69 g·m-2,相对误差为2.69%。在全年累积总量上接近,但是估测值和观测值之间仍然存在一定的差异,尤其是在生长季节,PGPVPM的值要高于PGPobs;VPM模型估测的PGP和通量塔数据获取的PGP之间的决定系数为0.747,相关系数为0.864;且时间序列的增强植被指数(IEV)比PGP的相关关系强于归一化植被指数(INDV)与PGP的关系。研究表明:VPM对于站点和区域尺度的毛竹林生态系统PGP的模拟具有很大的潜力。