江苏省工业化发展与污染物排放的相关分析

科学地判断一个区域工业化发展水平,对于贯彻落实科学发展观,走新型工业化道路具有重要的意义。借鉴相关理论研究江苏省工业化发展水平及其与污染物排放的相关关系,结果显示,江苏全省处于较高工业化水平阶段,但区域差异显著;随着全省综合工业指数增长,工业COD排放对环境的压力先变小后变大,工业SO2排放对环境的压力缓慢增长,而工业固废产生量带来的环境压力则迅速增长。为了缓解工业发展对环境的压力,江苏省应采取改变工业发展模式,大力发展循环经济等措施。     

安徽省城市化发展区域分异特征

基于城市化的内涵构建城市化发展水平指标体系,运用SPSS因子分析和聚类分析功能,对安徽省17个地级市城市化发展水平进行定量分析,在此基础上分析了安徽省城市化发展的区域空间分异格局。结果表明,安徽省域城市化梯度差异显著,三聚类划分显示,安徽省城市化发展现状格局为＂双核＂、＂两片＂状态;五聚类划分显示,安徽省城市化发展现状格局为＂一心＂、＂一带＂、＂三区＂状态。从自然地理、交通区位、资源分布、经济发展及行政体制5个方面分析了区域内城市化发展差异成因及其影响因素。     

低温诱导红鳍东方鲀雄性化及性腺分化的组织学观察

为探索无需紫外线照射、无需投喂性激素、操作简单的低温诱导红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes雄性化的新方法,分别在孵化后15、45、75d将鱼苗进行15℃和17℃低温处理65d,以正常培育温度21℃为对照组,设置平行试验组,并对其性比及性别分化的组织学进行了观察。结果表明:(1)在15℃条件下,试验组雄性率最高可达(74.70±2.79)%;在17℃条件下,试验组雄性率最高为(59.60±3.49)%;在21℃条件下,对照组雄性率为(51.57±0.06)%;温度与雄性率呈负相关(R=-0.827),与雌性率呈正相关(R=0.823)。(2)在21℃条件下,对照组孵化后48d时出现卵巢腔,标志着卵巢分化的开始,68d时生殖腺柄部出现裂缝状的输精管原基,标志着精巢开始分化;在17℃条件下,试验组孵化后63d时观察到明显的卵巢腔,83d时出现输精管原基性腺;而在15℃条件下,试验组孵化后73d时出现明显卵巢腔,93d时出现精小叶,标志组织学上的分化。研究表明,随着处理温度的升高,性腺中细胞分裂速度呈线性关系,在一定范围内升温有助于性腺的发育。     

西藏多格错仁盐湖表、底层浮游植物群落结构

2009年4月27日至5月6日对西藏多格错仁盐湖进行了58个站点的采样调查,对比分析了表、底层浮游植物种类组成、生物密度、生物量、多样性和不同经纬度浮游植物种类分布等的差异。结果显示:表层浮游植物121种,优势种为菱形藻未定种(Nitzschia sp.)和舟形藻未定种(Navicula sp.);底层189种,优势种为菱形藻未定种、舟形藻未定种、菱板藻未定种(Hantzschia sp.)和两尖菱板藻(H. amphioxys),均属硅藻门且该门的物种数占比均超过60%;表、底层物种为中等不相似。底层水体的浮游植物平均生物密度(68. 43×104个/L)和生物量(0. 819 8 mg/L)远远高于表层的生物密度(8. 44×104个/L)和生物量(0. 102 1 mg/L),但表层的浮游植物多样性指数值显著高于底层(P 0. 05)。聚类分析可知盐湖底层浮游植物群落结构比表层相对单一。     

浑善达克沙地沙粒特征及其沉积环境

对浑善达克沙地进行野外考察和采集表层沙样,通过激光粒度仪测量其沙粒粒径,分析其内部不同区域沉积物粒度特征、空间分异规律和沉积环境,为治理该沙地提供理论依据。结果表明,浑善达克沙地内部不同区域表层沉积物粒度组成上有较大的差异,总体以细沙和中沙为主,平均含量分别为43.9%和34.72%;粉沙、极细沙、粗砂含量较少。中值粒径从西到东逐渐变细;分选系数为0.94Φ,分选性整体较差,沿盛行风向有变好的趋势;偏度和峰度均值分别为0.16和1.23。粒度频率曲线指示该沙地沉积环境多样,沉积过程复杂。中西部沙物质以河流及湖泊沉积为主;东部则主要分布风成沉积,其部分物质可能来源于沙地内部的河流碎屑物或更西部的河湖相沉积。     

Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

The Agersoe cattle: the last remnants of the Danish island cattle (Bos taurus)?

A phenotypically interesting strain of cattle existed on the small island of Agersoe, on the west coast of Zealand, Denmark, in the beginning of the last decade. The cattle share a great resemblance to the extinct Danish breed, the Island cattle. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize the Agersoe cattle, using microsatellites, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mtDNA markers, and analyse the genetic variability within the breed and the genetic relationship to 14 European breeds with focus on the Red Danish and Jutland breed. The results show diversity in nuclear markers comparable to that of modern breeds and that the Agersoe cattle are separable from the two native breeds. The absence of inbreeding and the degree of genetic diversity are taken as a sign of recent admixture. The Agersoe cattle did not exhibit a consistent association with any of the European breeds. Several arguments based on this survey have been put forward in favour of characterizing the Agersoe cattle as being the last remnants of the Danish Island Cattle.     

造血和神经相关标志物在人胎盘的表达

为探讨人胎盘组织在造血中的作用以及研究造血和神经标志物在胎盘中的表达和在胚胎发育中的相关性，用免疫组织化学法对人胎盘组织和体外培养的胎盘组织中的贴壁细胞进行染色，观察其造血因子和神经标志物的表达。结果发现人7月龄胎盘组织血管内血细胞表达多种造血细胞因子，如SCF、VEGF、BMP-4和FGF-1和KDR，血管内皮细胞上也有表达；胎盘组织同时表达造血干细胞标记CD34、CD133和神经细胞标记物Nestin和MAP2等。而足月龄胎盘CD34、CD133、KDR和造血相关因子SCF、VEGF、BMP-4、FGF-1等弱表达，不表达Nestin和MAP2。两组胎盘切片都不表达GFAP和MBP。胎盘贴壁细胞（hPDACs）碱性磷酸酶、波形蛋白、CD133、Nestin和MAP2染色呈阳性，CD34、GFAP和MBP阴性表达。人胎盘组织和胎盘贴壁细胞表达多种造血相关因子和神经细胞标志物，提示胎盘具有造血功能，造血形成和神经发生之间可能存在基因表达叠加现象。     

西门塔尔牛胰腺间充质干细胞原代培养及其多向分化潜能研究

旨在对西门塔尔牛胰腺间充质干细胞（pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells,PMSCs）进行原代培养并研究其体外分化潜能,为细胞疗法和组织工程学方面提供新的种子细胞。本研究从3月龄的西门塔尔牛胚胎中无菌分离胰腺组织,分别采用胶原酶消化法和组织块贴壁法分离PMSCs,进行原代培养;绘制第3代、第9代、第15代细胞生长曲线并测定群体倍增时间及克隆形成能力,采用免疫荧光检测干细胞表面标志物（CD29、CD44、CD73、CD90、CD34和CD45）,RT-PCR检测干细胞细胞表面标志物（CD29、CD44、CD73、CD90、CD106、CD166、CD34和CD45）;染色体核型分析检测其基因稳定性,通过向成脂、成骨、成软骨和成肝样细胞诱导分化,检测其多向分化潜能。结果表明,两种方法都可成功分离出PMSCs,细胞贴壁后形态均为长梭形,漩涡状生长,生长趋势呈典型的S形;第9代细胞群体倍增时间显著低于第15代而高于第3代（P<0.01）;第9代PMSCs克隆形成率显著低于第3代而显著高于第15代（P<0.05）;免疫荧光结果表明,PMSCs特异性表达CD29、CD44、CD73和CD90,RT-PCR结果显示PMSCs特异性表达CD29、CD44、CD73、CD90、CD106和CD166,未表达造血细胞表面标志物CD34和CD45,与国际细胞治疗学会组织干细胞委员会指定的MSCs表面标记物相对应;核型分析表明,PMSCs为正常二倍体（2n=60,XY）,染色体基因组未发生变异;特异性染色和RT-PCR结果表明,从西门塔尔牛体内获得的PMSCs可分化为脂肪细胞、骨细胞、软骨细胞和肝样细胞。本试验证实两种方法均可成功建立西门塔尔牛PMSCs体外分离培养体系,PMSCs具有活性好、增殖速度快的特点,与MSCs有相似的生物学特性和多项分化的潜能。可为组织工程学提供新的种子细胞。     

The Ecological Concept of Costs of Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)

Plant defence is thought to provide benefits for the defended plants. Theoretical concepts must, therefore, explain why there is variation in defensive traits, which naively might be assumed to be present constitutively in fixed high amounts. Explanations are mainly based on the assumption of fitness costs. Investment in defence is thought to reduce the fitness of plants in enemy-free environments. Fitness costs often result from allocation costs, i.e. allocation of limited resources to defence, which then cannot be used for growth or other fitness-relevant processes. This theoretical concept can provide a useful tool for the interpretation of induced plant responses against pathogens, named induced systemic (or systemic acquired) resistance (ISR or SAR). Phenotypic plasticity, leading to induced responses, might have evolved mainly to reduce costs, since investment in defence is restricted to situations actually requiring defence. ISR can incur allocation costs and other, indirect costs, which ultimately may lead to fitness costs. Evolution of any defensive trait depends on both what a plant ideally 'should do and what it actually 'is able to do. Costs of defence constrain its expression. This might have important influences on the evolution of plant defensive traits, as well as on the exploitation of natural defences in agricultural crop protection.