Youssoufenes A2 and A3, Antibiotic Dimeric Cinnamoyl Lipids from the ΔdtlA Mutant of a Marine-Derived Streptomyces Strain

Two new dimeric cinnamoyl lipids (CL) featuring with an unusual dearomatic carbon-bridge, named youssoufenes A2 (1) and A3 (2), were isolated from the ΔdtlA mutant strain of marine-derived Streptomyces youssoufiensis OUC6819. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by combination of the long-range NOE-based ¹H-¹H distance measurements and ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate growth inhibition against multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis CCARM 5172 with an MIC value of 22.2 μM.     

6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果

分别从烟草生长发育、生长量和主要经济性状等方面研究6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果.结果表明,该药被烟叶吸收后,参与烟草生理生化全过程,促进烟草生长发育;烟草根系发达、植株变高、茎变粗、光合作用效率增强、叶绿素及抗坏血酸含量增加;上等烟率、橘黄烟率较对照提高20%～30%;改善烟叶的品质,平均增产20%,增收2250～3000元·hm-2.     

氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长及土壤肥力的影响

为探究不同氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长和土壤肥力含量的影响,以鸿雁12号茶树为研究对象,采用田间微区试验的方法,设置了不施用氨基酸菌肥作对照组(CK)和氨基酸菌肥施用量分别为75 kg·hm^-2(T1)、150 kg·hm^-2(T2)、225 kg·hm^-2(T3)和300 kg·hm^-2(T4)的处理,研究不同氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长、茶叶品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：氨基酸菌肥施用后能显著增加茶叶芽头密度及茶叶产量,提高茶叶中氨基酸含量和土壤中碱解氮含量。试验6个月后与CK相比,T4组的芽头密度显著增加了63.4%,茶叶产量显著增加了71.5%;T1～T4处理茶叶中氨基酸含量分别增加了9.73%、6.41%、7.57%和13.2%,土壤中碱解氮含量分别增加了25.0%、36.0%、46.0%和37.6%。综上,氨基酸菌肥的施用能提高茶叶产量及品质,改善茶园土壤环境质量,为茶园生产的合理施肥及优质高效生产提供数据参考。     

不同产地西洋参氨基酸种类及含量分析

为研究不同种植区西洋参氨基酸的含量和品质,按食品安全国家标准GB/T5009.124-2016,对加拿大多伦多市、陕西省留坝县、吉林省抚松县、山东省文登市来源的4 a生西洋参进行氨基酸种类和含量测定及对比分析。各产地西洋参均检测出17种氨基酸,其中含有人体必需的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸和半必需氨基酸精氨酸;含有蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸等8种药用氨基酸。人体必需氨基酸及药用氨基酸含量对比分析结果表明,加拿大多伦多市来源西洋参的这两类氨基酸含量最高,分别为46.20 mg/g和61.93 mg/g,占总氨基酸含量的54.0%和72.3%,其次是陕西省留坝县来源的西洋参,分别为45.70 mg/g和61.63 mg/g,占总氨基酸含量的51.9%和70.0%。主成分分析及综合评价结果表明,从氨基酸含量及营养均衡性角度来看,陕西省留坝县西洋参是最接近原产地加拿大的西洋参。     

复合氨基酸对小球藻的生长、叶绿素a含量及光合放氧量的影响

研究了液体和固体复合氨基酸对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoides)生长和生理活性的影响。结果表明,两种复合氨基酸对小球藻生长、叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量均有显著促进作用,液体复合氨基酸和固体复合氨基酸对小球藻促生长的最佳浓度分别为40 mg/L和11.12 mg/L。当液体复合氨基酸浓度为40 mg/L,相对生长率(RGR)较对照组增加了81.58%,平均倍增时间(G)缩短了45.08%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(72.25±1.69)%和(38.05±2.58)%;当固体复合氨基酸浓度为11.12 mg/L,相对生长率较对照组增加了17.31%,平均倍增时间缩短了14.48%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(119.03±4.72)%和(34.49±1.98)%。     

山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导氧化应激胎鼠的影响

试验旨在研究山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导亲代小鼠氧化应激从而对子代胎鼠氧化应激和抗氧化能力的作用.42只亲代小鼠分为3组:对照组、氧化应激模型组、抗氧化剂组,试验重复3次.测定妊娠20d后的子代胎鼠肝脏、肺脏和心脏3个器官中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC...     

土壤中碳酸盐的碳氧同位素分析

本文采用磷酸法分析土壤中碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成,对分析方法和制样装置作了叙述,比较了经不同预处理土壤的碳、氧同位素值,指出土壤有机碳的存在不影响碳酸盐同位素组成的精密测定,有氧灼烧预处理土壤样品对分析结果有明显影响,使δ~13C和δ~18O值降低。测定多种标准样品表明,此方法准确、可靠,重复制样测定的标准偏差在0.1‰以内。     

空间诱变引起水稻9311的品质变异

水稻品种 931 1种子经返回式卫星搭载诱变后研究表明 ,空间诱变引起的SP1生理损伤轻 ,SP2 的叶绿素缺失突变和早熟突变频率较低 ,但品质突变丰富 ,筛选鉴定了不同表观直链淀粉含量、富含抗性淀粉以及高无机磷低植酸等突变体。     

Cadmium‐induced changes in glutathione and phenolics of Thlaspi and Noccaea species differing in Cd accumulation

Glutathione (GSH) and phenolics play an important role in plant defense against metal‐ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity and metal‐binding capacity of these compounds can account for the protective effects. In contrast to animal‐cell models, however, the possible interplay among these substances in stress defense of plants is poorly investigated. This study compares the influence of cadmium (Cd) on the profiles of both soluble phenolics and GSH in shoots of different Thlaspi and Noccaea species: two ecotypes of the nonhyperaccumulator T. arvense differing in Cd resistance (ecotype Aigues Vives, Cd‐sensitive, and ecotype Jena, Cd‐resistant) and two Cd‐tolerant Cd‐Zn hyperaccumulators N. praecox and N. caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi praecox and T. caerulescens). To reveal the possible influence of Cd‐induced sulfur (S) shortage on the stress response, plants receiving normal S concentrations (500 μM MgSO₄) and plants treated with surplus S (500 μM MgSO₄ + 500 μM K₂SO₄) were analyzed. Our working hypothesis was that species differences in tolerance to high tissue Cd concentrations should be reflected by differences in endogenous levels of GSH and phenolic compounds. The results reveal clear species‐dependent differences in both the constitutive patterns and the Cd‐ and S‐induced changes in shoot concentrations of GSH and phenolics. However, no simple relationship between these shoot concentrations and Cd accumulation and tolerance can be established.     

Fractionation of soil humic acids by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of concentrated urea

To separate soil humic acids (HAs) into their constituents and characterize them, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out in the presence of 7 M urea using a preparative electrophoresis system. Two types of soil HAs were fractionated into nine fractions by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents were recovered from the electrophoretic fractions by precipitation on acidification, and the brown-colored constituents dissolved in the acidic solution of fast-moving fractions were recovered by adsorption onto DAX-8 resin. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) confirmed that the constituents of the HAs were separated based on their molecular size by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents exhibited higher degrees of humification than did the corresponding unfractionated HAs, except for the constituents remaining in the electrophoretic gels at the end of electrophoresis. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed that the chemical properties of the dark-colored constituents changed regularly: the content of carboxyl groups decreased and the proportions of proteinous, aliphatic and polysaccharide moieties increased with increasing molecular size. The humification degrees of the constituents adsorbed onto DAX-8 resin were considerably lower than those of the corresponding unfractionated HAs. The chemical properties of the DAX-8-adsorbed constituents were different from those of the dark-colored constituents. Observation of electrophoretic fractions under blue light (470 nm) and HPSEC with fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 460 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm showed that green fluorescent substances were largely concentrated in the smallest molecular size fractions and were partitioned into both the dark-colored precipitates and DAX-8-adsorbed fractions. The proportion of organic carbon recovered by precipitation and adsorption onto DAX-8 resin was 45–63%, indicating that substantial parts of the HA constituents were missing. The unrecovered constituents were considered to be acid-soluble, nearly colorless substances. The dissociation of the acid-soluble constituents from the acid-insoluble dark-colored constituents during the preparative PAGE of soil HAs was ascribed to disruption of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions caused by concentrated urea.