模糊控制技术在给水自动控制系统中的应用

本文主要介绍了模糊控制的原理及模糊控制器的结构,结合模糊控制技术在给水自动控制系统中的应用,论述了该系统的工作原理、硬件构成、软件设计及模糊控制的主要策略。     

蓝莓根系形态对不同肥种的响应特征及模糊综合评价

为了探究蓝莓根系形态对肥种的响应特征,探索不同肥种处理后蓝莓根系的变化规律,从而为蓝莓大田产业化管理提供参考依据,以7年生人工栽培兔眼蓝莓品种‘灿烂’和‘粉蓝’为试材,用开沟干施的方式,分别施以豆粕生物菌肥(DP)、好花红有机肥(HH)、硫酸钾型复合肥(KS)、蓝莓专用肥(LZ)、黄腐酸螯合复混肥(HF)和润田牛微生物复合肥(RT),以不施用任何肥料(CK)为对照,于2015—2017年连续3年开展了2个品种6种肥料的单因素施肥试验,分析了不同肥种处理间蓝莓根系生物量密度、根系表面积、根系体积、根平均直径、根系分叉数、根长密度及比根长的差异特征和不同肥种处理的蓝莓根系形态特征。结果表明:施肥能有效影响蓝莓的根系形态特征,LZ和RT处理对2个品种蓝莓根系生物量密度的提升效果更好;6个肥种处理均显著提高了蓝莓根系表面积(P<0.05),其中,RT处理后蓝莓的根系表面积最大,LZ和RT处理均能显著增加蓝莓根系体积;施肥处理对蓝莓根系平均直径的影响有整体减小的趋势;6个肥种处理后蓝莓的根系分叉数,‘粉蓝’均高于‘灿烂’;且施肥处理后,两种蓝莓的根长密度均得到提高;6个肥种处理对蓝莓比根长的影响各异,LZ处理对2个蓝莓品种的比根长均无显著增加的效果(P<0.05);RT处理对2个品种蓝莓的株高和冠幅均有显著的提高作用,其次是KS处理。综合评价结果表明:RT和HH处理对2个品种蓝莓的根系影响最大、效果最好,2个品种蓝莓经KS和HF处理后其根系形态综合评价值最低。     

气候变化对我国农业生产的影响及对策

概述温室效应给全球气候带来的变化，进而分析气候变化对我国农业生产的影响，并提出相应的对策。     

Impact of Rabies Vaccination History on Attainment of an Adequate Antibody Titre Among Dogs Tested for International Travel Certification,Israel – 2010–2014

Rabies is endemic in wildlife or domestic carnivore populations globally. Infection of domestic dogs is of particular concern in many areas. In regions where domestic animals are at risk of exposure to rabies virus, dogs should be routinely vaccinated against rabies to protect both pet and human populations. Many countries require demonstration of an adequate level of serum rabies neutralizing antibodies to permit entry of dogs during international travel. We analysed rabies titres of dogs seeking travel certification in Israel to assess demographic and vaccine history factors associated with antibody titres below the acceptable threshold for travel certification. Having received only one previous rabies vaccination and a longer duration since the most recent vaccination was received were primary risk factors for not achieving an adequate rabies virus neutralizing antibody titre for travel certification. These risk factors had stronger effects in younger animals, but were consistent for dogs of all ages. In particular, these findings reiterate the importance of administering at least two rabies vaccinations (the primo vaccination and subsequent booster) to ensure population‐level protection against rabies in dogs globally.     

Bioeconomy – an emerging meta-discourse affecting forest discourses?

The term bioeconomy and closely related notions like bio-based economy or knowledge-based bioeconomy (KBBE) are increasingly used by scientists and politicians in the last years. It does therefore have the potential of becoming an influential global discourse. Its role is however so far unclear. The general assumption that guides this paper is that discourses, resulting ideas and arguments are generally said to have performative power. They shape actors' views, influence their behaviour, impact on their beliefs and interests and can cause institutional change in a given society. Thus, the aim of this paper is twofold: first, it aims to analyse whether the ideas used in a bioeconomy discourse differs from those in other global meta-discourses of the last decades affecting forest discourses, such as the ecological modernization discourse or the sustainable development discourse. Second, this paper aims to analyse whether and how the bioeconomy discourse has started (or not) to reshape or overshadow the “classical” forest discourses, such as sustainable forest management, forest biodiversity or forest and climate change.     

基于模糊数学的洲滩人工林复合经营模式多功能评价

在资料查询、专家咨询获取各种模式林分相关信息的基础上,选择华容县5种当地典型的杨树人工林复合经营模式,共设置20块样地,对相应指标进行实地调查,从生态效益、经济效益、社会效益三个方面筛选评价指标,构建了洲滩人工林复合经营的综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判法对5种杨树人工林经营模式进行了评价。评价结果表明:5种杨树人工林复合经营模式的生态、经济、社会综合效益评价优劣排序为林-菜模式(0.631 3)林-菌模式(0.611 8)林-药模式(0.488 3)林-草模式(0.475 2)纯林模式(0.456 7)。无论从生态功能、经济功能、社会功能还是从综合效益来看,研究区人工林复合经营模式都优于纯林模式。     

Spatial fluctuation of forest fires and their regional behaviors

Historical forest fire records from Alaska State (1950–2000), California State (1895-2001), USA and Heilongjiang Province (1980–1999), China were used to calculate the longitude and latitude of the annual burned area’s centroids for these regions. Fluctuation phenomena by year were analyzed using spectrum analysis. The results show that centroids of burned areas in these three regions are in a fluctuating condition that encircles the distribution center. The distribution centers are 151.11°W, 64.96°N in Alaska State, 120.02°W, 37.11°N in California State and 127.07°E, 49.59°N in Heilongjiang Province, respectively. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in longitude has obvious periodicity, and the periodicities are 4.2 years, 6.25 years in Alaska State and 6.24 years, 106 years in California State. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Heilongjiang Province has a periodicity both in longitude and latitude, and the periodicities are both 3.3 years, 6.67 years. Fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in latitude does not have periodicity, and big forest fires with low frequencies predominate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(5): 89–103 [译自: 林业科学]     

机械加工工艺方案的多级模糊综合评价

应用多级模糊评价方法对机械加工工艺方案进行评优.采用层次分析法,创建评价指标体系,确定各项指标的权重.建立了定量指标模糊隶属度的数学表达式.通过计算综合评价值,从而确定出最优方案.     

动态车辆路径问题研究综述

指出了动态车辆路径问题是运筹学和组合优化领域的前沿研究方向,研究动态车辆路径问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。阐述了动态车辆问题（DVRP）,根据动态信息的特征将动态车辆路径问题分为随机车辆路径问题（SVRP）和模糊车辆路径问题（FVRP）。从动态车辆路径问题的建模、算法和仿真优化三个方面分析了其研究成果,对现有研究的不足进行了探讨,提出了动态车辆路径问题的进一步研究方向。