Single nucleotide polymorphism detection at the Hypothenemus hampeiRdl gene by allele-specific PCR amplification with Tm-shift primers

The resistant Rdl allele for dieldrin insecticide was detected on the Hypothenemus hampei populations from Colombia using conventional PCR methods. Based on this sequence, a melting temperature (T_m) shift genotyping method that relies on allele-specific PCR is described for insecticide resistance-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the H. hampeiRdl gene. The method reported here uses GC-rich tails of unequal length attached to allele-specific primers containing 3′ terminal bases that correspond to SNP allelic variants. Specific PCR products are identified by inspection of a melting curve on a real-time PCR thermocycler using SYBR Green DNA binding dye. Resistant and susceptible alleles resulted in specific PCR products with T_m of 83.3 ± 0.1 °C and 86.0 ± 0.2 °C, respectively. The RdlT_m-shift genotyping method is a new method to identify the Rdl gene in the coffee berry borer H. hampei, the principal pest of coffee that in general show low genetic diversity and very few genetic strategies for control of this pest have been developed. The method supplies a high-throughput tool for dieldrin resistance-associated SNP diagnostic in the coffee berry borer which will be useful for resistance-management strategies and as genetic marker in the colombian insect populations for genetics research.     

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) improvement in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a multi-purpose legume crop widely cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, yield levels of the crop has remained relatively low in SSA owing to a range of biotic, abiotic and socio-economic constraints. A dedicated groundnut improvement programme integrating new tools and methodologies to breed varieties suitable for current and emerging agro-ecologies and market needs is essential for enhanced and sustainable groundnut production in SSA. The objective of this review is to highlight breeding progress, opportunities and challenges on groundnut improvement with regard to cultivar development and deployment in SSA in order to guide future improvement of the crop. The review analysed the role of new tools in breeding such as, high-throughput and automated phenotyping techniques, rapid generation advancement, single seed descent approach, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, next-generation sequencing, genetic engineering and genome editing for accelerated breeding and cultivar development of groundnut.     

一株西藏牦牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌基因分型及rpoE基因生物信息学分析

为分析本实验室分离保存的一株西藏牦牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌基因型和rpoE基因编码蛋白的生物特性,通过16S rDNA、特异性基因、荚膜分型、脂多糖分型、rpoE基因扩增等分子生物学和生物信息学方法对此株牦牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌进行分析.结果 表明:此株牦牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌为B∶ L2∶ST44基因型,rpoE基因和印度牛源多杀...     

流产衣原体检测技术与分型方法研究进展

流产衣原体(Chlamydia abortus)广泛分布于世界各地,能感染猪、牛、羊等多种家畜,引起孕畜流产,是危害畜牧业最严重的衣原体病原。针对流产衣原体抗体检测的血清学方法如间接血凝试验(IHA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)等在兽医临床检测中广泛使用。以聚合酶链反应(PCR)为代表的病原分子生物学检测技术敏感性和特异性高,有效地弥补了血清学方法的不足。在流行病学研究中,进一步对流行菌株的分型分析在阐释流产衣原体遗传进化、毒力演变和跨物种传播以及疫情预警和疫苗研制等方面具有重要意义。论文就当前国内外广泛应用的流产衣原体检测技术和分型方法进行综述,可为我国动物衣原体病的诊断和防控提供参考。     

绵羊KISS1基因组织表达及其多态性与产羔数关联分析

为研究KISS1基因在常年发情的小尾寒羊和季节性发情的草地型藏羊中的表达模式,以及KISS1基因多态性与绵羊繁殖之间的关系,实验采用qPCR技术对比分析KISS1基因在2个品种绵羊的10种繁殖相关组织中的表达差异,同时利用Sequenom MassARRAY~?SNP技术对常年发情绵羊(小尾寒羊、策勒黑羊和湖羊)和季节性发情绵羊(滩羊、苏尼特羊和草地型藏羊)KISS1基因2个SNPs位点多态性进行检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。qPCR结果显示:KISS1基因在小尾寒羊下丘脑、大脑、垂体和甲状腺中的表达量高于草原型藏羊(P<0.05);分型结果表明,g.1317523C>T位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在常年发情和季节性发情绵羊品种间差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);群体遗传学分析表明,g.1317523C>T位点在6个绵羊群体中均表现为中度多态(0.25T位点在小尾寒羊、滩羊、苏尼特羊和湖羊中均处于哈代温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05),g.1311578G>T位点在苏尼特羊和湖羊中处于哈代温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05);关联分析表明,这2个SNPs位点与小尾寒羊前3胎产羔数均无显著关联(P>0.05),但g.1311578G>T位点TT型各胎产羔数均大于GT和GG型。综上,KISS1基因与绵羊的季节性繁殖密切相关,并且g.1311578G>T位点对绵羊产羔性状有潜在调控作用。     

猪瘟病毒基因分型寡核苷酸芯片方法的建立

根据猪瘟病毒（CSFV）E2基因序列,设计41条针对CSFV 3个基因群共10个亚群各亚群寡核苷酸探针。利用欧盟猪瘟诊断手册推荐的CSFV E2基因套式RT-PCR方法,在内套PCR过程中进行Cy3-dCTP掺入荧光标记,制备芯片杂交样品。用标记的PCR产物与寡核苷酸探针阵列杂交,置于GenePix 4100A扫描仪中扫描,利用Ge-nePix Pro 6.0软件分析杂交图像。特异性和灵敏度试验显示,芯片方法与本室发表的CSFV real-time RT-PCR方法的灵敏度相近,芯片探针与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪2型圆环病毒（PCV2）、猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）样品无非特异性杂交。以包括1.1、2.1、2.2、2.3亚群的8份CSF阳性样品进行芯片的检测验证,结果表明,通过特异性的杂交图谱或杂交信号分析可准确判定样品所属的基因亚群,寡核苷酸芯片的检测结果与测序的分型结果全部符合。本研究为将寡核苷酸芯片技术用于猪瘟病毒的基因分型和分子流行病学研究奠定了基础。     

G and P genotype profiles of rotavirus a field strains circulating in a vaccinated bovine farm as parameters for assessing biosecurity level

After improvement of hygiene protocols on boots in a bovine operation (farm A) in Ibaraki, Japan in September 2017, mortality of calves and the detection of 4 viral pathogen indicators, including bovine rotavirus A (RVA), became significantly low for one year. Subsequently, in the present study, these indicators and mortality were monitored and confirmed all were still low, except for the detection rate of bovine RVA in calves less than 3 weeks old. The present study aimed to investigate G and P genotypic profiles of RVAs in farm A from 2018 to 2020. Molecular analysis using semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR of positive RVAs (n=122) and sequencing of selected samples revealed the presence of G6, G8, G10, P[1], P[5] and P[11] genotypes and the prevalence of G and/or P combination and mixed infections. The most common combination of G and P types was G10P[11] (41.8%), followed by mixed infection with G6+G10P[5] (11.5%). Phylogenetic analysis of RVAs showed clustering with bovine and other animal-derived RVA strains, suggesting the possibility of multiple reassortant events with strains of bovine and others animal origins. Noteworthy as well is that vaccinated cattle might fail to provide their offspring with maternal immunity against RVA infections, due to insufficient colostrum feeding. Our findings further highlight the importance of RVA surveillance in bovine populations, which may be useful to improving effective routine vaccination and hygiene practices on bovine farms.     

绵羊MKRN3基因多态性与产羔数的关联分析

本实验旨在探究绵羊MKRN3基因g.275981C>T与g.276999C>T位点多态性与绵羊产羔数之间的关系,以期为绵羊高繁殖力分子育种提供新的遗传标记。利用全基因组重测序结合Sequenom MassARRAY~?SNP技术对常年发情绵羊品种(小尾寒羊、策勒黑羊和湖羊)和季节性发情绵羊品种(滩羊、苏尼特羊和草原型藏羊)MKRN3基因2个多态位点多态性进行检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:MKRN3基因g.275981C>T位点与g.276999C>T位点均存在3种基因型;g.276999C>T位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在2种发情模式绵羊品种间差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);g.275981C>T位点在6个绵羊品种中均表现为低度多态(PIC<0.25),g.276999C>T位点在6个绵羊品种中均表现为中度多态(0.25T位点在苏尼特羊和策勒黑羊中均处于哈代温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05),g.276999C>T位点在6个绵羊品种中均处于哈代温伯格平衡状态;关联分析表明,g.275981C>T和g.276999C>T位点不同基因型与小尾寒羊第1、2、3胎产羔数均无显著关联。可见,MKRN3基因2个多态位点均不适合用于小尾寒羊产羔数选育。     

绵羊GTF2A1基因多态性及其与产羔数的关联分析

本研究旨在探究绵羊GTF2A1基因g.89505005G>A位点多态性与产羔数之间的关系,以期寻找与绵羊产羔数有关的分子标记。基于前期利用全基因组选择信号分析获得的候选基因GTF2A1,采用Sequenom MassARRAY~?SNP技术对多羔和单羔的绵羊群体及产羔数存在差异的小尾寒羊群体进行g.89505005G>A位点多态性检测,并与产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:GTF2A1基因g.89505005G>A位点存在3种基因型:AA、AG和GG,且基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔品种间差异均达到显著水平;该位点在小尾寒羊、滩羊、苏尼特羊、萨福克羊、杜泊羊以及草原藏羊6个品种中均处于哈代温伯格平衡状态;关联分析表明:g.89505005G>A位点多态性与小尾寒羊第1、第2以及第3胎产羔数均存在显著关联,AA型各胎产羔数均高于GG型(P<0.05)。综上,A等位基因可能是提高绵羊产羔数的一个潜在有效的DNA标记。