河北省鼠疫菌株差异片段基因分型及其流行病学特征

目的对分离自河北省自然疫源地的115株鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)株进行基因分型,研究其基因型分布及流行特征。方法根据鼠疫菌基因组23个差异区段(different regions,DFR)设计引物,对115株鼠疫菌进行基因分型,应用PCR技术扩增鼠目的区段并做普通琼脂糖凝胶电泳,应用BioNumefics 5.0进行聚类分析。结果在河北省鼠疫疫源地分离到的115株鼠疫菌均属于1个基因型,即Genomovar11型。最近一次动物鼠疫流行(2005年)的生态型仍是鄂尔多斯高原型生态型。结论河北省分离到的115株鼠疫菌基因型为Genomovar11型。     

Detection of Dairy Cow Mammary Tissue DGAT1 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Tetra-primers ARMS-PCR Method

This study was aimed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms of diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A, and determine the DGAT1 genotype and milk traits of dairy cow, which would provide a new technique for marker-assisted selection in China Holstein dairy cows. In the present study, six Northern China Holstein dairy cows (three were lactating cows with high quatity milk and three were lactating cows with low quatity milk) were used to detect mammary tissue DGAT1 gene K232A polymorphisms. Genome DNA was extracted from each cow, a pair of external primers and a pair of internal primers were designed to amplify DGAT1 gene. The results showed that PCR-amplified fragments were 512 bp (external band), 369 bp (232K allele) and 181 bp (232A allele), respectively. The exterenal band functions as the internal PCR-positive control. The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR amplifications yielded a 512 bp fragment and a 181 bp fragment, indicating that the six dairy cows were all homozygous 232A. The results indicated that the tetra-primers ARMS-PCR was a quick and convenient method to identify dairy cow DGAT1 gene K232A polymorphisms, which was suitable for marker-assisted selection in China Holstein dairy cows.     

PCR-based detection of Toxoplasma gondii from cattle in southern Iran

ObjectiveToxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is widely prevalent in most warm-blooded vertebrates. Humans mainly become infected by eating raw or undercooked meat. This study was designed to investigate the infection of cattle with T. gondii in Jahrom, southern Iran.MethodsTissue samples consisting of heart, diaphragm, and tongue were collected from 125 slaughtered cattle. DNA samples were extracted from the homogenized tissues. T. gondii was detected and genotyped using nested-polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based on GRA6 and SAG2 (3', 5' terminal regions) genes, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of T. gondii DNA was 56% in cattle. The most infected tissue was the diaphragm (54.4%) followed by the heart (48.8%) and tongue (43.2%). Type II was the most prevalent genotype (70%) among T. gondii isolates.ConclusionIn this study, the high prevalence of T. gondii infection in cattle meat indicates the important role of cattle in the transmission of infection to humans. Therefore, incorporating the correct method of consuming meat in health education programs is crucial to prevent human infection.     

延边黄牛脂蛋白脂肪酶基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

为探究延边黄牛脂蛋白脂肪酶（lipoprteinlipase,LPL）基因遗传多态性及其对肉质性状的影响,本试验以80头健康的30月龄延边黄牛背最长肌作为试验材料,运用PCR直接测序法和高分辨率熔解曲线技术（HRM）对LPL基因的SNP位点进行检测,分析了试验群体的遗传效应,并与延边黄牛的肉质性状数据进行关联分析。PCR直接测序结果表明,延边黄牛LPL基因存在2个多态性位点（g.6215 A>G和g.18341 C>T）,其中g.6215 A>G位点表现为2种基因型：AA与AG,优势等位基因为A;g.18341 C>T位点表现为2种基因型：CC和CT,C为优势等位基因;对文献中2个位点的检测结果表明,g.355427 T>A位点表现为2种基因型：AA与AT,A为优势等位基因;c.322 G>A位点的HRM分型结果显示并未分型。这些多态性位点全部呈中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）,并处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。HRM分型结果显示,这3个SNPs位点与延边黄牛肉质性状存在显著相关：g.6215 A>G位点与延边黄牛胴体重及脂肪、蛋白、水分含量有显著关联,表现为AG基因型个体胴体重、脂肪含量显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）,AA基因型个体蛋白及水分含量显著高于AG基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.18341 C>T位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重及背膘厚有显著关联,表现为CT基因型个体这些性状均显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.355427 T>A位点AT基因型个体宰前活重、背膘厚和脂肪含量均高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）。综上,LPL基因g.6215 A>G、g.18341 C>T和g.355427 T>A位点对延边黄牛的肉质有显著影响,LPL基因可以作为延边黄牛品种选育改良工作的优势候选基因和有效分子标记。     

Inheritance and identification of DNA markers associated with yellow berry tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Yellow berry (YB) is a serious seed disorder in durum wheat, bread wheatand triticale, which arises due to deficiency in nitrogen concentration in thesoil. YB seriously affects the grain protein content (GPC) thereby affectingbread making quality in bread wheat and pasta making quality in durumwheat. In order to study the inheritance and to identify DNA markersassociated with YB tolerance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) populationof 113 individuals was developed by making a cross between RyeSelection111 (RS111), highly resistant to YB and Chinese Spring (CS), asusceptible parent. Phenotyping of this population to YB incidenceindicated that, at least one major gene/QTL and few minor genes governthe tolerance to YB. DNA marker analysis revealed linkage of twomicrosatellite markers Xgwm174 and Xgwm190 from chromosome 5Dwith YB tolerance while one ISSR marker UBC842₆₀₀ and oneRAPD marker OPR8₁₀₀₀ from chromosome 6B were found to beassociated with YB tolerance in repulsion phase. Association of YBtolerance with that of GPC was analyzed using the markers associated withYB tolerance. It was found to be reciprocal in this population in accordancewith the previous reports.     

全基因组SNP分型策略及基因组预测方法的研究进展

单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）是遗传学研究中重要的材料。近年来,全基因组SNP标记开发方法的发展使得研究者们能够以较低成本获得丰富的基因组标记,大大推动了基因组水平的相关研究。基因组预测从已知基因型数据和表型数据的个体建立训练模型,对未知表型的个体进行基因型和表型预测,在育种领域具有重要意义。全基因组SNP的分型策略结合基因组预测方法,构成了动物基因组选择的前沿。本文从这两个方面进行综述,以期为从事分子遗传学,尤其是复杂性状研究的研究者们提供参考。     

Genetic diversity in common carp stocks assayed by random-amplified polymorphic DNA markers

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the major aquaculture species, contributing nearly 35% to the inland fish production in Karnataka, India. Stocks collected from Hungary (2), Indonesia and Vietnam were assessed alongside two local stocks in a series of culture performance trials with the objective of setting up a base population for developing a breeding programme. The present study deals with the genetic divergence and polymorphism in these six stocks using random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 180 decamer random primers were screened for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification (OPA 1‐20, OPB1‐20, OPC1‐20, OPD1‐20, OPE1‐20, OPF1‐20, OPG1‐20, OPP1‐20 and OPM1‐20). Eight primers were selected for analysis of common carp genotypes (OPA‐7, OPA‐20, OPB‐17, OPF‐10, OP F‐9, OPG‐4, OPG‐9 and OPP‐16). Out of 492 bands recorded, 57.1% were polymorphic. Stepwise regression analysis was carried out to find best combination markers affecting body weight (P<0.001). The results demonstrate major differences in the genetic structures between different stocks. Dendrogram data showed grouping of individuals according to stocks and corresponding data variables revealed the per cent homology within the stock and also found markers correlating to the body weight.     

Genotypes,Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Microarray‐Based Characterization of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Livestock and Veterinarians in Switzerland

Using different typing methods (MLST, spa‐, SCCmec‐ and agr‐typing), PFGE and DNA microarray‐based chip analysis, we characterized 20 MRSA strains isolated from livestock and veterinarians. PFGE analysis after macrorestriction with EagI provided seven different band patterns, which could be grouped into four clusters. One cluster consisted of all MRSA ST398 strains isolated from pigs, calves, mastitis milk and two veterinarians. One strain of ST398 from a veterinarian and the two strains of ST1 and ST8 formed the three other clusters. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 15 of 20 strains were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin and tetracycline. All strains were susceptible to rifampin and vancomycin, 19 were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 18 were susceptible to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Genes encoding different enterotoxins, leukotoxins and haemolysins were found in certain strains.