羊驼AIF部分cDNA序列分析及其在不同毛色的表达定位

通过对已构建的羊驼皮肤cDNA文库进行筛选和ESTs分析,发现与其它动物AIF基因相应cDNA序列高度同源的序列,经序列分析证明命名为羊驼AIF基因序列,已经向Genbank提交。与其他动物（褐鼠、小鼠、人等）的AIF基因相应序列进行相似性比较,相似性分别为100%、91%、71.6%。运用免疫组化技术进一步研究该基因在羊驼皮肤中的表达和定位,结果显示AIF在羊驼毛囊的毛根、根鞘、毛球、毛乳头位置均呈阳性表达,且棕色皮肤比灰色皮肤表达量高,提示该基因可能和羊驼毛色形成或毛的生长相关。     

玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63负调控基因nsdAmgh的克隆及序列分析

nsdA (Negative regulator of Streptomyces differentiation)基因是天蓝色链霉菌中发现的与抗生素合成相关的负调控基因.根据天蓝色链霉菌 A3(2)的序列设计引物扩增玫瑰黄链霉菌 Men-myco-93-63 菌株中的该基因,经测序和序列分析表明,由保守序列引物nsdA-2R和nsdA-2L克隆到的Men-myco-93-63 菌株中的该基因 800 bp片段与已知nsdA基因核苷酸保守区域序列同源性达到99%,由全长序列扩增引物nsdA WZ-R和nsdA WZ-L克隆到的该基因包含一个完整的开放阅读框,共编码 369 个氨基酸,与变铅青链霉菌和天蓝色链霉菌A3(2)中的nsdA 基因的核苷酸序列同源性达到100%,氨基酸序列同源性达到99%.该全长基因命名为nsdA_(mgh),其在玫瑰黄链霉菌 Men-myco-93-63 中的发现为阻断该负调控基因以期获得抗生素高产工程菌株提供了重要依据.     

棉铃虫HaHR3基因的克隆及其植物RNA干扰载体的构建

采用RT-PCR方法克隆了棉铃虫蜕皮调节转录因子HaHR3基因,该基因含有1671 bp的完整开放阅读框。序列分析表明,HaHR3与多种昆虫蜕皮调节转录因子高度同源。利用生物信息学方法对HaHR3的结构特征进行分析发现,HaHR3具有蜕皮调节转录因子超家族的典型特征,包括两个锌指结构和一个DNA结合结构域,不存在信号肽序列和N糖基化位点。选择HaHR3基因的部分片段构建了RNAi中间载体pRNAi1017-HaHR3sa,再将HaHR3正反向序列亚克隆至植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-35S-OCS,成功构建了由35s启动子调控的HaHR3基因的正反向RNA干扰载体pCAM-RNAi-HaHR3。这一载体的成功构建为下一步通过植物介导的RNA干扰技术防治棉铃虫打下了坚实的基础。     

利用重组自交系(RILs)群体进行质量数量性状的遗传分析遗传模型和小麦产量性状遗传

本文提出了利用RILs群体进行质量数量性状分析的4个遗传模型及统计分析方法.其中,模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别表示性状受1对主基因、2对独立的主基因、2对AABB×aabb型连锁的主基因、2对AAbb×aaBB型连锁的主基因与微效基因共同控制.可估算出主基因的加性效应(dma,dmb)、互作效应(im)、遗传方差(σ2m)和连锁图距(R),以及微效基因     

二十一世纪水稻育种新战略

本文论述了远缘杂交和多倍体化结合利用基因组间和多倍体杂种优势,开创水稻育种新途径的策略。纵观水稻育种的历史,无论是常规杂交育种,还是杂交稻育种,其研究战略都是建立在有性生殖和二倍体基础上的,归根结底,都是利用栽培稻同一基因组（A基因组）内优良基因的重组以及从野生稻向栽培稻引入少数优良基因。从作物进化     

Assessment of partial resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat varieties

Field trials in two cropping seasons and two locations in central China were conducted on 60 Chinese autumn‐sown wheat varieties to assess their partial resistance to powdery mildew. Mean levels of disease severity ranged from close to 0 to more than 90%. The method of inoculation and the location in which trials were conducted affected the relative performance of the varieties, but these effects were much smaller than the main effect of variety. The area under the disease progress curve was highly correlated with final disease severity, but both were poorly correlated with apparent infection rate. Disease severity was regressed against frequencies of virulence in the Blumeria graminis (syn. Erysiphe graminis) f sp. tritici populations in the trial plots. A vertical distance (D) from the mean mildew severity to the fitted line was calculated for each variety and was used to quantify partial resistance. Five of the 60 varieties, ‘Hx8541’, ‘E28547’, ‘Chuan1066’, ‘Zhe88pin6’ and ‘Lin5064’, consistently expressed relatively low levels of disease despite high frequencies of virulence in the pathogen and had consistently high D‐values. They may therefore have good levels of partial resistance.     

不同类型小麦品种(系)农艺性状、生理指标与产量关系的多元统计分析

本文对不同类型小麦品种（系）的11个与产量密切相关的农艺性状,生理指标进行了主成分分析。11个原始指标综合成为三个独立的新指标,分别表示“光合同化因子”、“库与碳氮代谢因子”、“库与氮素营养因子”。主成分值与产量相关分析表明,小麦产量与第一、第二主成分值有极显著正相关关系。通过回归分析,建立了小麦产量与主成分值之间的回归方程。它能较好地反映不同类型品种的产量水平。     

Genetic mapping of loci determining long glumes in the genus Triticum

Elongated glumes are present in thetetraploid wheat species T.polonicum, T. turanicum, T.durum convar. falcatum and in thehexaploid species T. petropavlovskyi.Inheritance of glume length was studiedwith the aim to map the respective lociusing wheat microsatellite markers. In T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyiloci conferring long glume were mapped nearthe centromere on chromosome 7A. These twoloci are designated P-A ^pol 1 andP-A ^pet 1, respectively. It isshown that both are probably homoeoallelicto each other and to the P gene ofT. ispahanicum on chromosome 7B. The loci determining elongated glumes in T. turanicum and T. durum conv. falcatum are not homoeologous to the P loci in the centromeric region of thegroup 7 chromosomes.     

水稻细菌性条斑病及其抗性研究进展

本文简要综述了近年来国内外对水稻抗细菌性条斑病在病原菌鉴定、水稻抗源筛选、抗性生理遗传以及抗性的分子生物学等方面的研究进展，以期为水稻细条病的深入研究提供参考。