茶树冻害成因及预防补救措施

分析了茶树冻害产生的原因,提出冻害发生的预防措施及冻害发生后的补救措施.     

盐处理对鱼类冻结特性的影响研究

为了研究盐分对鱼类冻结特性的影响,将5种新鲜鱼类分别浸泡在盐度为0％、5％、10％ 、20％的盐溶液中24 h后,采集样品的温度变化数据,绘制出冻结曲线,比较各盐度下各冻结特性值的不同.结果表明:盐处理后鱼类的冻结点显著降低,且随着盐度的增加,冻结速率降低,最大冰晶生成带通过时间延长,过冷却现象明显.     

Comparative study on thermal denaturation modes of myosin in walleye pollack and carp myofibrils as affected by salt concentration

ABSTRACT:   The effect of salt concentration on the thermal denaturation profile of myosin in walleye pollack and carp myofibrils was compared by studying the subfragment-1 (S-1) and rod denaturation rates upon heating. Species-specific denaturation mode observed at 0.1 M KCl was no longer detected when samples were heated above 0.5 M KCl, where S-1 and rod denaturation rates were identical to each other. As the heating of the chymotryptic digest of myofibril formed practically no rod aggregates, S-1 denaturation in a form of myosin was the rate limiting step for rod aggregate formation. As the aggregate formation by rod was remarkably suppressed by lowering the temperature, the free movement of myosin tail upon heating was suggested to play an important role in the rod aggregate formation in a high salt medium.     

茄子冷冻干燥冻结过程模型的建立与求解

该文以茄子球形样本为对象,研究果蔬物料冷冻干燥中预冻模型的建立及求解方法。通过能量衡算建立了果蔬冻结过程的非稳态数学模型,依据冻结过程试验参数,给出了冻结过程中物料液相区和固相区温度变化所满足的定解问题。采用“欧拉向后差分格式”数值计算方法,对冻结模型进行了数值求解,得出了茄子在冻结过程中冻结界面的移动规律和冻结时间。试验结果表明,所建模型能够准确地描述茄子的冻结过程,采用的数值解法是可行的。该文研究方法及结果为果蔬物料冷冻干燥预冻结过程模型的建立与求解提供了参考,并为果蔬冷冻干燥预冻结过程的优化控制提供了科学依据。     

羊肚菌冷冻干燥加工技术研究

通过实验,研究确定了了冻干羊肚菌的共晶点和共融点,得到了最佳冻干曲线,通过对冻干羊肚菌和传统风干羊肚菌的理化指标及感官指标的比较,证实了冷冻干燥羊肚菌的加工工艺的优越性。     

Cryopreservation of boar semen. II: Effect of cooling rate and duration of freezing point plateau on boar semen frozen in mini- and maxi-straws and plastic bags.

The post-thaw motility and the acrosome integrity of semen from 4 boars frozen with a programmable freezing machine, in mini (0.25 ml) and maxi (5 ml) plastic straws and in 10 x 5 cm Teflon FEP-plastic bags (0.12 mm thick, 5 ml), were compared. The freezing of the semen was monitored by way of thermo-couples placed in the straws and the bags. Three freezing programmes were used, namely A: from +5 degrees C, at a rate of 3 degrees C/min, to -6 degrees C, held for 1 min at -6 degrees C, and followed by a cooling rate of 20 degrees C/min to -100 degrees C; B: a similar curve except that there was no holding time at -6 degrees C and that the cooling rate was 30 degrees C/min, and C: from +5 degrees C to -100 degrees C, with a cooling rate of 35 degrees C/min, followed by storage in liquid N2. Despite the freezing curve assayed, both the mini-straws and the bags depicted much shorter freezing point plateaus as compared to the maxi-straws. Post-thaw sperm motility as well as the amount of normal apical ridges were equally significantly higher when semen was frozen in mini-straws or in bags than in maxi-straws. Significant differences in these post-thawing parameters were obtained between the freezing curves used. The stepwise freezing procedure A appeared as the best alternative for boar semen, considering this in vitro evaluation.     

牛胚胎玻璃化冷冻技术的发展和应用概况

胚胎冷冻保存是动物胚胎工程的重要组成部分，它是胚胎移植技术在生产中推广应用的重要基础。和现在通用的常规冷冻法相比，玻璃化冷冻具有用时短，所需设备少和操作简单等优点，成为目前国内外胚胎冷冻保存领域发展新方向。本文就牛胚胎玻璃化冷冻的概念、方法和国内外发展状况做一简要综述。     

比格犬的繁殖技术Ⅰ.采精及精液冷冻

采用手握法采取比格犬精液,成功率为71.4％,平均射精量2.67mL;精液呈弱酸性,每次射出的精液分三段,精子主要在第二段,精子平均密度为2.105×10~8/mL;新鲜精液的活力为0.8～0.9;精液用两种稀释液稀释后在液氮中保存14～60d,解冻后,其孵活率分别为0.425和0.427.